id="s">S

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SA

See Security Association.

SABM

See set asynchronous balanced mode.

SABME

See set asynchronous balanced mode extended.

sample line

In RLU, a record that represents data and gives a user's report prototype a more realistic appearance but for which the user does not create data description specifications (DDS).

SAN

(1) See storage area network.

(2) See system area network.

SAP

(1) See service access point.

(2) See Service Advertising Protocol.

SAP selector

An external identifier for a service access point.

saturation

The amounts of color and gray in a hue that affect its vividness; that is, a hue with high saturation contains more color and less gray than a hue with low saturation.

save

To copy specific objects, libraries, or data by transferring them from main storage or auxiliary storage to media such as optical disc, tape, diskette, or a save file. See also restore.

save file

(1) In Backup Recovery and Media Services, an online file allocated on direct access storage for use as interim or short-term storage before off-loading to removable media or permanently deleting.

(2) A file allocated in auxiliary storage that can be used to store saved data on disk (without requiring diskettes or tapes), to do I/O operations from a high-level language program, or to receive objects sent through the network. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *FILE.

savepoint

A named entity that represents the state of data and schemas at a particular point in time within a unit of work.

save/restore media

The diskette or the tape that the user uses to save and restore the files, folders, or libraries.

save storage

An operation that copies (sector by sector) all permanent data from configured disk units to tape.

save system authority

A special authority that allows the user to save and restore all objects on the system and free storage of all objects on the system.

save-while-active operation

An operation that the user runs to save objects while application programs that change the objects are running. See also dedicated save operation.

SAVSYS tape

A tape that is generated by the SAVSYS command, on which system data is recorded and saved.

SBCS

See single-byte character set. See also double-byte character set, multibyte character set.

SBCS data

In DB2® UDB for iSeries™, data that is associated with a single-byte character set.

scalable

Pertaining to a system's ability to increase its capacity to distribute information or data as demand heightens.

scalar

(1) A type of program object that contains either string or numeric data. It provides the byte string it is mapped to with representation and operational characteristics. See also pointer.

(2) Pertaining to a single data item.

scalar function

An SQL function that optionally accepts arguments and that returns a single scalar value each time that it is invoked. A scalar function can be referenced in an SQL statement wherever an expression is valid. See also function, routine.

scale

(1) In the GDDM® function, the number and progression of ticks along a vertical or horizontal axis.

(2) In the GDDM function, to enlarge an image or marker.

(3) The number of digits in the fractional part of a number.

scale factor

A number that indicates the position of the decimal point in a real number.

scale line

In Query, a line at the top of a report that shows column positions.

scaling

A process by which an image is reduced or enlarged in size to fit a given area on the display.

scan line

(1) In a laser printer, one horizontal sweep of the laser beam across the photoconductor.

(2) A single row of picture elements (pels or pixels) that are typically arranged horizontally and are scanned sequentially.

scanner

A device that examines text, graphics, or bar code patterns and generates electrical signals corresponding to the pattern. It sends the signals to a computing device for processing.

scatter plot

A variety of line chart in which only the marked points, and not their joining lines, are drawn.

SCB

See string control byte.

scheduled job

(1) A batch job that is submitted with a value other than *CURRENT for the schedule date and schedule time parameters.

(2) A batch job that becomes eligible to run at a specified date and time.

scheduling parameter

Information that describes the prioritization characteristics of a thread.

scheduling policy

Information that describes the algorithm that will be used to prioritize threads that are running within the current process or operating system.

schema

A collection of database objects such as tables, views, indexes, or triggers that define a database. A database schema provides a logical classification of database objects.

scope

(1) A specification of the boundary within which system resources can be used.

(2) In the C language, the range within a program in which a declaration is known.

(3) Information that is used to describe whether the scheduling policy indicates that threads compete directly with other threads within the process or within the system.

(4) The extent to which the semantic effects of language statements reach. The scope may be to the job or to the activation group.

(5) The level to which a commitment control definition applies.

scope of control

See network management domain.

SCPF job

See start-control-program-function job.

screen

The physical surface of a display device upon which information is shown to a user.

screen design aid (SDA)

A function of an application development program that helps the user design, create, and maintain displays and menus.

screen edit mode

In AFP™ Utilities, the mode that allows a user to design and edit an overlay.

screen view

In AFP Utilities, the presentation of a display shown while a user is in screen edit mode.

scriptlet

A mechanism for adding scripting language fragments to a source file.

scroll

To move a display image vertically or horizontally to view data that is not otherwise visible in a display screen or window.

scrollable cursor

A cursor that can be moved in both a forward and a backward direction.

scroll bar

A part of a window that shows a user that more information is available in a particular direction and can be moved into view by using a pointing device or the page keys.

SCS

See SNA character string.

SCSI

See Small Computer System Interface. See also target.

SDA

See screen design aid.

SDDM

See source distributed data manager. See also target distributed data manager.

SDLC

See Synchronous Data Link Control.

SDT

See start data traffic.

SDU

See service data unit.

search argument

(1) In RPG, data for which you want to find a match or a greater than or less than quantity in a table or array. The search argument is specified in the lookup statement.

(2) In RPG, a literal or field name specified in factor 1 of certain file operations (such as CHAIN) that identifies the record to be processed.

search condition

A criterion for selecting rows from a table. A search condition consists of one or more predicates.

search handle

For iSeries Access, a number returned by the system to an application program when the application program requests a search. The search handle is used by the application program to request subsequent searches.

search index

An index of related topics that can be searched or browsed. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *SCHIDX.

search index database

The database files used by document library services for storing descriptive information about documents and folders (such as keywords, subjects, dates, and so forth). These database files are used when a search of the document library is requested on one or more document descriptors.

search value

User-defined information that is used either to make a list of filed documents with similar document details or content, or to find a directory entry.

seat

To fit correctly into position.

secondary axis

In the GDDM function, a horizontal or vertical axis drawn parallel to the primary axis and capable of having a title, ticks, and labels different from those of the primary axis. See also primary axis.

secondary disk pool

An independent disk pool that defines a collection of directories and libraries and must be associated with a primary disk pool.

secondary domain

The domain that is defined by the DNS domain database file that a secondary name server has obtained from a master name server.

secondary file

(1) In RPG, any input file other than the primary file.

(2) For certain types of join operations using Query, all files except the first file that are joined in a query definition for the purpose of getting data.

(3) In the DDS for a join logical file, any physical file, other than the first physical file, that is specified on the JFILE keyword. See also primary file.

secondary language

One or more additional national languages that can be installed on the system to display and print information. See also primary language.

secondary link

The optical connection between two remote bus adapter cards.

secondary logical unit (SLU)

In SNA, the logical unit (LU) that contains the secondary half-session for one logical unit-to-logical unit (LU-to-LU) session. See also primary logical unit.

secondary name server

A name server that gets its domain data from a primary name server by way of a zone transfer.

secondary partition

A logical partition that has certain dependencies on the primary logical partition, but otherwise is independent from the primary logical partition. For example, a secondary logical partition may be powered off and on, dumped, or installed without affecting other logical partitions.

secondary referential constraint

The constraint that occurs when a unique constraint or a primary key constraint is added to file that is a parent file in a defined referential constraint relationship. The referential constraint is regarded as secondary processing because the primary request is for the processing of the unique constraint or the primary key constraint.

secondary system name

An alternative system name that can be used to identify a system in a SNADS network. See also primary system name.

secondary system name table

In SNADS, the table containing all the system names that can be used to identify the local system for distributions arriving on the system.

secondary thread

Any thread that is started by, or on behalf of, the application that is not the initial thread. See also initial thread.

secondary window

A window that obtains or displays supplemental information that is often related to the objects that appear in a primary window. Dialog boxes and message boxes are secondary windows.

section

In COBOL, a set of zero, one, or more paragraphs or entries preceded by a section header. Each section consists of a section header and the related section body.

sector

(1) In disk storage, an addressable subdivision of a track used to record one block of a program or data.

(2) The smallest amount of information that can be written to or read from a disk or diskette during a single read or write operation.

secure

To control who can use and to what extent an object can be used by controlling the authority given to the user.

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)

An industry standard for secure credit card and debit card payments over open networks such as the Internet. The SET protocol ensures confidentiality of information, integrity of all transmitted data, authentication of the cardholder and the merchant, and interoperability.

Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)

An encryption method in which data is encrypted in a way that is mathematically impossible to reverse. Different data can possibly produce the same hash value, but there is no way to use the hash value to determine the original data.

secure network

A set of nodes that are controlled by a single administrative party. See also nonsecure network.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A security protocol that provides communication privacy. With SSL, client/server applications can communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.

security administrator authority

A special authority that allows a user to add users to the system distribution directory, to create and change user profiles, to add and remove access codes, and to perform office tasks, such as delete documents, folders, and document lists, and change distribution lists for other users.

Security Association (SA)

A contract between a local key server and a remote key server. This contract protects data exchanges.

security DST capability

A dedicated service tools (DST) capability used by a service representative or an experienced system user that provides access to all DST functions.

security officer

A person assigned to control all of the security authorizations provided with the system. A security officer can, for example, remove password or resource security or add, change, or remove security information about any system user.

security policy

A written document that defines the security controls that you institute for your computer systems. A security policy describes the risks that you intend these controls to minimize and the actions that should be taken if someone breaches your security controls.

Security Policy Index (SPI)

A value that the local systems and remote systems use to identify a particular Security Association (SA).

security-relevant

Pertaining to anything that occurs on the system that affects, either positively or negatively, the safety and integrity of the system's processes and data.

seed

A value that adds randomness to the creation of pseudorandom numbers.

seek

To position the read/write head of a disk unit or a diskette unit.

segment

(1) One or more contiguous elements of a string.

(2) For TCP/IP, the unit of end-to-end transmission in the TCP. A segment consists of control information and data fields. A segment is transmitted as an IP datagram.

segmenting

In OSI, a function performed by an (N)-entity to map one (N)-service-data-unit into multiple (N)-protocol-data-units.(I) Segmenting is the opposite of reassembly.

segment-number

In COBOL, a user-defined word that classifies sections in the Procedure Division for purposes of segmentation. Segment numbers can contain only the characters 0 through 9. A segment-number can be expressed either as a 1- or 2-digit number.

seion

A Japanese syllable.

select

To highlight a choice so that a subsequent action will use that choice. Selecting does not initiate the action.

select function

A system function that determines which records from a physical file are to be included in a logical file. See also omit function.

selection border

The visual border that appears around a control, allowing that control to be moved with the mouse or keyboard.

selection character

A character used to select a choice in a selection list or a selection field.

selection entry

In System Manager, an entry that assigns each alert processed by the filter to a group. In this way, many alerts can be grouped into manageable categories.

selection field

A panel element that contains a fixed number of choices in which the user cannot page up or page down.

selection list

In SAA® Advanced Common User Access® architecture, a set of choices that a user can scroll through to make a selection.

selective prompting

A function of the operating system that allows the user to tailor command prompts at a parameter level. See also conditional prompting.

select/omit field

A field in a logical file record format whose value is tested by the system to determine if records including that field are to be used. The test is a comparison with a constant, the contents of another field, a range of values, or a list of values; and the record is either selected or omitted as a result of the test.

select/omit level specifications

Data description specifications coded on the lines following the last key-field specification. These specifications are permitted only in a logical file.

self-check digit

The far right digit of a self-check field.

self-check field

A field, such as an account number, consisting of a base number and a self-check digit. For data entry applications, the operator-entered self-check number is compared with the self-check number calculated by the system.

self-referencing row

A row that is a parent of itself.

self-referencing table

A table that is both a parent and a dependent table in the same referential constraint.

self test

A test that runs automatically after a device is turned on.

semantics

The relationships of characters or groups of characters to their meanings, independent of the manner of their interpretation and use. Semantics is the meaning conveyed by a character string. See also syntax.

semaphore

A mechanism that is used to synchronize one or more jobs.

semaphore adjustment value

A value associated with a semaphore and applied to the semaphore's value if a process ends while holding resources represented by the semaphore.

semaphore set

An interprocess communications mechanism that contains one or more semaphores.

semicolon

In REXX, a token that indicates the end of a clause and is implied by the REXX interpreter in three cases: by the end of a line, by certain keywords, and by a colon if it follows a single symbol.

send depth

In SNADS, the number of items that must be on the distribution queue before any item is sent to the next system.

sending cross-domain key

In Cryptographic Support, a cross-domain key used to encrypt a data-encrypting key before it is sent to another location.

send time

In SNADS, the values that specify the time that distributions are sent to other locations in a network. The from and to times inclusively specify the range during which distributions can be sent; the force time specifies the time at which distributions are sent regardless of the number of items in the queue.

sense data

In SNA, data sent with a negative response, indicating the reason for the response.

sensor

A device that converts measurable elements of a physical process into data that is meaningful to a computer.

sentence

In COBOL, a sequence of one or more statements, the last of which is stopped by a separator period.

separator

A punctuation character that separates parts of a command or file, or that delimits character strings.

sequence

To arrange in order.

sequence checking

In RPG, a function that checks the sequence of records in input, update, or combined files used as primary and secondary files.

Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol (SPX)

A session-oriented network protocol that provides connection-oriented services between two nodes on the network, and is used primarily by client/server applications. It relies on the Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol, provides flow control and error recovery, and guarantees reliability of the physical network.

sequence errors

In Performance Tools, the number of frames received by the terminal equipment (TE) that contained sequence numbers indicating that frames were lost.

sequence number

(1) The number of a record that identifies the record within the source member.

(2) A field in a journal entry that contains a number assigned by the system. This number is initially 1 and is increased until the journal is changed or the sequence number is reset by the user.

sequence page

A page in the settings of a composite project that allows the user to specify the order in which projects are built.

sequential access

A mode of accessing data on a medium in a manner that requires the storage device to access consecutive storage locations on the medium.

sequential-by-key processing

A method of processing indexed files in which records are read or written in the order of the key field in the record.

sequential data set

A data set whose records are organized on the basis of their successive physical positions, such as on magnetic tape. See also partitioned data set.

sequential organization

In COBOL, the permanent logical file structure in which a record is identified by a predecessor-successor relationship that is established when the record is placed into the file.

sequential processing

A method of processing in which records are read, written to, or deleted in the order determined by the value of the key field. See also consecutive processing, random processing.

sequential-within-limits processing

A method of processing indexed files in which limits are specified for the beginning and ending values of the key field for the records to be read or written.

serial device

A device that uses serial data as opposed to parallel data.

serial line

A transmission medium commonly used for point-to-point link connections. Often, a serial line consists of an RS-232 connection into a modem over a telephone line.

Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)

An Internet protocol that connects a computer to the Internet using a serial line.

serial port

A connector on a serial device to which cables for other devices are attached.

serial search

In COBOL, a search in which the records of a set of records are consecutively examined, beginning with the first record and ending with the last record.

server

In a network, hardware or software that provides facilities to clients. Examples of a server are a file server, a printer server, or a mail server. See also host, client.

server firmware

The code that resides in system flash memory, and includes a number of subcomponents, including POWER Hypervisor™, power control, service processor, and logical partition firmware that is loaded into either AIX® or Linux® logical partitions.

server instance

A logical server that consists of a set of server jobs and configuration objects. Each server instance listens on either a unique IP address or a unique port with the same IP address. A server instance is created, configured, deleted, or controlled from the administration server. The configuration of each server instance is determined by the name of an associated configuration file, instance parameters, and values that are specified on the Configuration and Administration Forms and on the Global Attribute Values page.

server IPL

An initial program load (IPL) whereby all logical partitions on the server are shut down at the same time. This allows, for example, a new level of the server firmware to be activated on the server.

Server Message Block

A protocol that manages requests and responses in a client/server environment so that clients on a network can share files, directories, and devices.

service

(1) In the Kerberos protocol, a software server that has been assigned a principal name and is registered with the key distribution center (KDC).

(2) A TCP/IP port number.

(3) In network architecture, a capability of a given layer and the layers below it that is provided to the layer above. The service of a given layer is provided at the boundary between this layer and the next higher layer. (T)

service access point (SAP)

(1) A logical address that allows a system to route data between a remote device and the appropriate communications support.

(2) In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) architecture, the point at which the services of a layer are provided by an entity of that layer to an entity of the next higher layer.

service action log

A utility that displays entries requiring action by a service representative.

Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)

A protocol that allows service providing nodes, such as file server and print server, to advertise their services so that clients can access the services. SAP also provides for responding to a user for a given type of service. This information is delivered through the use of the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol. A SAP packet contains sets of service entry information.

service alias

A named set of protocol, source ports, and destination ports that is used to help define filters in Internet Protocol (IP) packet security.

service authority

A special authority that allows the user to perform the alter function in the service functions.

service data unit (SDU)

In OSI, a unit of data transferred between a layer and the next higher layer.

service element

In OSI, a unit of standardization specifying a complete group of functions.

service functions

Specific capabilities within service tools that are typically used for problem determination and problem solving, often with the assistance of IBM® support. Examples of service functions include Licensed Internal Code trace, Licensed Internal Code log, and the display, alter, dump function.

service level

One of the four levels of service (fast, status, data high, or data low) that determines if a distribution is put on the normal or priority distribution queue.

service level agreement (SLA)

A contract between a customer and a service provider that specifies the expectations for the level of service with respect to availability, performance, and other measurable objectives.

service level specification

A set of parameters and their values that defines the service offered to a traffic stream by a differentiated services domain.

service library

The system library provided in the system that is used temporarily for loading IBM-supplied programming changes and creating APARs. Named QSRV.

Service Location Protocol (SLP)

An Internet protocol that identifies and uses network hosts without having to designate a specific network host name.

service pack

A collection of code fixes for an IBM licensed program that contains PC code. The fixes are contained in a single, orderable program temporary fix (PTF).

service primitive

In the OSI reference model, the smallest defined interaction between service users and service providers in adjacent layers. This interaction is a service provided by the lower layer to the higher layer.(I)

service processor

The logic that contains the processor function to start the system processor and handle error conditions.

service program

A bound program that performs utility functions that can be called by other bound programs.

service provider

(1) In the OSI reference model, a layer that provides services to the next higher layer.

(2) In System Manager, the system used to provide problem-handling support to another system or systems connected to it by communications lines. The service provider can also be the alert focal point in a network. See also service requester.

service representative basic user profile

A system-supplied user profile, named QSRVBAS, that provides limited authority for a service representative to use dedicated service tools (DST) and system service tools (SST). See also service representative user profile.

service representative user profile

A system-supplied user profile, named QSRV, that provides all the authority required by a service representative to use the dedicated service tools (DST) and system service tools (SST). See also service representative basic user profile.

service requester

In System Manager, the system with a program or equipment problem that requires and asks for problem-handling support from another system in a network. See also service provider.

service ticket

In the Kerberos protocol, a ticket that grants access to a particular resource, or service. A ticket from a Kerberos authentication server must be presented in order to obtain a service ticket.

service tools

Functions that are used to configure, manage, and service important operational aspects of the system, such as to configure logical partitions, manage disk units, and troubleshoot problems. Service tools are accessed through dedicated service tools (DST), system service tools (SST), and other service-related CL commands.

service tools device ID

A programming object used by both the PC and the IBM System i5™ model as a means to authenticate the network connection between the two. A service tools device ID is unique to that PC and server connection. The service tools device ID can be managed by authorized users in dedicated service tools (DST) or system service tools (SST). The default service tools device ID is QCONSOLE.

service tools server

A server that allows the use of a PC to perform service tools functions through TCP/IP.

service tools user ID

A user ID that is required to access DST, SST, iSeries Navigator (for logical partitions and disk unit management), and Operations Console. Service tools user IDs are created through DST or SST and are separate from i5/OS® user profiles.

service user

In the OSI reference model, a layer that uses the services of the next lower layer.(I)

servlet

A Java™ program that runs on a Web server and extends the server's functionality by generating dynamic content in response to Web client requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases to the Web.

servo

See servomechanism.

servomechanism (servo)

(1) A feedback control system in which at least one of the signals represents mechanical motion.

(2) An automatic device that uses feedback to govern the physical position of a part.

session

A logical or virtual connection between two stations, programs, or devices on a network that allows the two elements to communicate and exchange data. See also transaction.

session connection

In OSI, a connection between two nodes that enables them to communicate at the session layer.

session default

A session assumed by the system for temporary use.

session description

An object that contains a description of the operating characteristics of an RJE session. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *SSND.

session files library

The files library that will be in use when the current System/36™ environment job ends.

session functional unit

In OSI, logical groupings of related services provided by the Session Layer, such as activity management, capability data exchange, and negotiated release. Most session functional units are optional. The peer application entities negotiate whether or not the optional functions will be used when the session connection is established.

session key

(1) In Cryptographic Support, a data-encrypting key used to encrypt data before it is sent to another location.

(2) In computer security, a temporary key that grants access to a particular resource or session. A session key is similar to a service ticket in the Kerberos protocol.

session layer

In OSI, the layer that provides the services that organize and synchronize communications between functional units in different open systems located in the presentation layer.

session-layer protocol data unit (SPDU)

In OSI, a protocol data unit in the session layer.(I)

session-layer service access point (SSAP)

In OSI, a service access point in the session layer.

session-layer service data unit (SSDU)

In OSI, a unit of data transferred between the presentation layer and the session layer.

session profile

In iSeries Access, a file that describes the characteristics of a PC5250 session.

session version

In OSI, pertaining to the two versions of the session-layer services and protocols standard. Session version 2 can handle the transmission of larger units of data than session version 1.

SET

See Secure Electronic Transaction.

set asynchronous balanced mode (SABM)

In communications, a data link control command used to establish a data link connection with the destination in asynchronous balanced mode.

set asynchronous balanced mode extended (SABME)

In communications, pertaining to a control command used to initiate data transfer in the extended asynchronous balanced mode of operation with a remote link station. The SABME command uses modulus 128 sequence numbers.

set normal response mode (SNRM)

A data link control command that puts the link connection in normal response mode (NRM).

set services

In OSI, callable services that supply optional information to the subsystem. See also action service, extract service.

setting

A value of an attribute that determines how an object looks and functions.

settings view

A view of an object that provides a way to display the attributes associated with the object. For example, using the settings view, the user can change the areas that display in a window, such as the title or columns.

severity code

A number that indicates the seriousness of an error condition.

SGML

See Standard Generalized Markup Language.

SH

See application shell.

SHA

See Secure Hash Algorithm.

shadow

(1) To duplicate Enterprise Address Book (EAB) data from one system to another and to send EAB changes, additions, and deletions to other systems.

(2) A duplication of the Enterprise Address Book (EAB) data on another system.

shadowing

The capability of a system to copy data from one system to another system and keep it up to date whenever it is changed on any system that shadows the information in the network.

shadow log

A log of errors that occur from the time that an initial program load starts to the time storage management recovery ends. The log contains the latest occurring errors, and may contain errors not found in the error log.

shaping

In QoS, the process of delaying packets within a traffic stream so that the traffic conforms to a user-defined profile.

shared access path

An access path used by more than one file member to get data common to both members.

shared drive

A network server storage spaces that is linked as shared using the Add Server Storage Link (ADDNWSSTGL ACCESS(*SHRUPD)) parameters once a quorum resource drive has been created and linked to a node. Drives which are shared appear to Windows® as though they were on a common shared storage bus and can be controlled as separate resources by the Cluster service. These drives can be failed over to another node in the cluster.

shared file

A file whose open data path can be shared between two or more programs processing in the same job. See also open data path.

shared-for-read lock state

The lock state for a file in which the file can be shared with another program if the program does not request exclusive use of the file. The predefined value for this lock state is *SHRRD.

shared-for-update lock state

The lock state for a file in which the file can be shared either for update or for read operations with another program. The predefined value for this lock state is *SHRUPD.

shared lock

A lock that limits concurrently executing application processes to read-only operations on database data. See also exclusive lock, gross lock.

shared memory

An interprocess communications service that provides shared memory segments.

shared memory segment

An interprocess communications mechanism that allows a process to directly read data from, write data to, and share data with other processes without having the data manipulated by the operating system.

shared-no-update lock state

The lock state for a file in which the file can be shared with another program if the program requests either a shared-no-update lock state or a shared-for-read lock state. The predefined value for this lock state is *SHRNUP.

shared port

A communication port on a single input/output processor using short-hold mode on a single SDLC line description.

shared processor pool

A group of physical processors that provide processing capacity that can be shared among multiple logical partitions. Processing capacity from the shared processor pool can be assigned to each of the logical partitions in partial processor increments. The sum of the assigned processing capacity across all logical partitions in the shared processor pool cannot exceed the total processing capacity of the shared processor pool.

shared record format

A record format that is used in more than one externally described file.

shared-secret key cryptography

A method of cryptography where the same key is used by two communicating parties, that is, for both encryption and decryption.

shared storage pool

A storage pool that can be shared by more than one subsystem. See also private storage pool.

shared-weight sort sequence

A sort sequence in which some graphic characters in the sequence may have the same weight as some other characters in the sequence. Those with the same weight will sort together as if they were the same character.

share lock

In DB2 UDB for iSeries, a lock that limits application processes that are running concurrently to read-only operations on row data.

shear

The angle of slant of a character cell that is not perpendicular to a baseline.

shell

The CICS® facility that provides an isolated area for running CICS programs without adversely affecting other users.

shift

A keyboard action to allow uppercase or other characters to be entered.

shift control character

A shift-in character or a shift-out character.

shift-in character

A control character (X'0F') that is used in EBCDIC systems to denote that the subsequent bytes represent SBCS characters. See also shift-out character.

shift-out character

A control character (X'0E') that is used in EBCDIC systems to denote that the subsequent bytes, up to the next shift-in control character, represent DBCS characters. See also shift-in character.

shim

(1) A part for adjusting gaps, play, or position in a mechanism.

(2) A thin, often tapered, piece of material, such as metal, used to fill in space between things for support, adjustment, or leveling.

SHM

See short-hold mode.

shortcut key

See keyboard shortcut.

short format

In binary floating-point storage formats, the 32-bit representation of a binary floating-point number, not-a-number, or infinity.

short-form identifier

See also binary string. See coded character set identifier.

short frame

In Performance Tools, a frame that has fewer bytes between its start flag and end flag than is permitted by the data control protocol of the integrated services digital network (ISDN).

short frame errors

In Performance Tools, the total number of short frames received by the terminal equipment (TE).

short-hold mode (SHM)

A mode specified during configuration that allows the DTE to connect or reconnect when no data is being transmitted over a circuit-switched line, while maintaining the logical connection of the sessions across the circuit.

short interface

In query management, the set of language-specific interfaces that allow commands to run that do not require access to program variables. The short interface includes the communications area, command length, and command string.

short menu

A menu that has been shortened to display a subset of the complete set of its values. Some short menus are created automatically by the application on the basis of the functions used most frequently by the user. Others can be customized directly by the user.

short notebook

A choice that reduces the number of choices that appear in a notebook.

short string

A fixed-length string or a variable-length string whose maximum length is less than or equal to 254 bytes.

SHUTC

In SNA, a command used to complete a session.

shutdown

The process of ending operation of a system or a subsystem by following a defined procedure.

side information

In OSI, system-defined values that are used as the initial values of certain parameters. In OSI Communications Subsystem, side information is a combination of (a) information in the OSI Communications Subsystem information base, and (b) information provided by directory service.

SIGL

A REXX special variable that contains the line number of the last instruction that caused a jump to a label.

signal

A mechanism by which a process can be notified of, or affected by, an event occurring in the system. Examples of such events include hardware exceptions and specific actions by processes. The term signal is also used to refer to the event itself.

signal cable

An electrical wire or set of wires, such as twinaxial, coaxial, or twisted pair cables to attach devices to a computer.

signaled error

In OSI, an error detected but not recovered by the network layer. The error is signaled to the transport layer for action. For example, the network connection is lost and reset to a known state, possibly with loss of data, but the connection remains available for use. See also residual error.

signal handler

A subroutine or function that is called when a signal occurs.

signaling protocol

A signal, such as resource reservation setup protocol (RSVP), that carries an admission control request to a network. The signal requests bandwidth resource according to an application's request. To get quality of service from a network, systems need to use signaling protocols.

signal safe

A function, macro, or operating system service that can be called from within a signal handler.

signature

(1) A value that identifies the interfaces supported by a service program. Signatures are based on the exports and the sequence of the exports allowed from a service program.

(2) The collection of types associated with a method. The signature includes the type of the return value, if any, as well as the number, order, and type of each of the method's arguments.

signature bank

A collection of signatures. The signature emitter gets new signatures from the signature bank.

sign condition

In COBOL, a condition that states that the value of a data item is less than, equal to, or greater than zero.

significand

In binary floating-point format, the part of a number that contains the whole number and fraction.

significant digit

Any number of a series of numbers that follows the farthest left number, that is not a zero, and that is within the accuracy allowed.

sign-on

The procedure by which the user starts working at a workstation.

SIMM

See single inline memory module. See also dual inline memory module.

simple condition

In COBOL, one of the conditions chosen from the following set of conditions: relational condition, class condition, condition-name condition, switch-status condition, sign condition. See also complex condition.

simple list

A list of like values; for example, a list of user names. See also mixed list.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

An Internet application protocol for transferring mail among users of the Internet.

simple name

In the CDS Cell Directory Service (CDS), one element in a CDS full name. Simple names are separated by slashes in a full name.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

A set of protocols for monitoring systems and devices in complex networks. Information about managed devices is defined and stored in a Management Information Base (MIB).

simple repetitive loop

In REXX, a repetitive DO loop in which the repetitive phrase is an expression that evaluates to a count of iterations.

simple symbol

In REXX, a symbol that does not contain any periods and does not start with a digit (0-9).

simplex

Pertaining to printing on only one side of the paper. See also tumble.

Simplified Chinese

The Chinese character set that has been simplified by reducing the number of strokes in common characters and deleting complicated variants. Simplified Chinese characters are used primarily in the People's Republic of China.

Simplified Chinese double-byte character set

An IBM-defined double-byte character set for Simplified Chinese. It consists of Simplified Chinese non-Chinese set, primary set, secondary set, and up to 1,880 user-definable characters.

Simplified Chinese non-Chinese character set

A subset of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of non-Chinese characters, such as Latin alphabet, Greek, Russian, Roman numeric, alphanumeric and related symbols, Katakana, Hiragana, Japanese, special symbols, and Chinese phonetic symbols. There are 712 characters in this set.

Simplified Chinese primary character set

A subset of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of commonly used Chinese characters. There are 3,755 characters in this set.

Simplified Chinese secondary character set

A subset of the Simplified Chinese DBCS, consisting of less commonly used Chinese characters. There are 3,008 characters in this set.

single bus connection

The connection that links a single bus to the optical link card. One connector is not used.

single-byte character set (SBCS)

A coded character set in which each character is represented by a 1-byte code. A 1-byte code point allows representation of up to 256 characters. See also double-byte character set, multibyte character set.

single-byte coded font (single-byte font)

A font in which the characters are defined by a 1-byte code point. A single-byte coded font has only one coded font section.

single-byte font

See single-byte coded font.

single-choice selection field

A field that contains a fixed number of choices arranged in a list in which only one selection can be made.

single-choice selection list

A field that contains a potentially scrollable list of choices in which only one selection can be made.

single inline memory module (SIMM)

In computer hardware, a small circuit card that carries a number of surface-mounted memory chips in a space-saving configuration with the connector pins protruding in a single line from the edge of the card. Varying numbers of SIMMs can be plugged easily into slots in a memory board to expand random access memory. See also dual inline memory module.

single-phase commit

A method in which a program can commit updates to a commitment resource without coordinating those updates with updates the program has made to resources controlled by another resource manager.

single port sharing

An arrangement for short-hold mode operation in which each port is shared by a set of DTEs, with the restriction that all reconnection calls (recalls) must use the same port as the first call for that logical connection.

single precision

The specification that causes the floating-point value to be stored internally in the short format. See also double precision.

single-process installation

The process of installing licensed programs one at a time.

single-selection field

In iSeries Access, a list from which a user can select only one item.

single set

A single CD-ROM that contains one licensed program or a separately orderable feature for the system and its secondary languages.

single sign-on (SSO)

An authentication process in which a user can access more than one system or application by entering a single user ID and password.

single-thread test

In CICS, a test of a single application or transaction running by itself. See also multithread test.

SIT

See system initialization table.

site

In cross-site mirroring, a location containing a node or nodes with access to either the production copy or mirror copy. The sites can be in close proximity or geographically dispersed.

site primary node

In cross-site mirroring, a node that owns the independent disk pool, either the production copy or mirror copy, at a particular site. The production-site primary node is also the primary node for the cluster resource group. The mirror-site primary node is a backup node in a cluster resource group.

sizing border

In VisualAge® RPG, the border or frame around a control or set of controls that allows resizing of the control by selection with the mouse or the keyboard.

skew

(1) The time difference between two clocks or clock values.

(2) The position of being slanted or tilted; oblique.

SLA

See service level agreement.

slice label

In the GDDM function, the alphanumeric label that a user can assign to each slice on a pie chart.

slide

Hardware attached to a device that moves the device in and out of the rack in a drawer-like action. See also rail.

slider

A graphical representation of a quantity and its relationship to the range of possible values for that quantity. A user can change the value of the quantity by using the slider.

SLIP

See Serial Line Internet Protocol.

SLP

See Service Location Protocol.

SLU

See secondary logical unit. See also primary logical unit.

SMAE

See systems management application entity.

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

A standard hardware interface that enables a variety of peripheral devices to communicate with one another. See also target.

small integer

In DB2 UDB for iSeries, a data type indicating that the data is a binary number with a precision of 15 bits.

SMAPP

See system-managed access-path protection.

smoothness of curve

In the GDDM function, the connection of the plotted points in a data group by a continuous curve. On the System/370™ system GDDM function, called curve fitting.

SMS

See Software Management Services.

SMTP

See Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

SNA

See Systems Network Architecture.

SNA 3270 API

See SNA 3270 program interface.

SNA 3270 device emulation

A function of the operating system that allows a system to appear to the host system as a 3274 Control Unit.

SNA 3270 program interface

A function that allows an application program to communicate with a System/370, 30xx, or 43xx VTAM® program by sending and receiving 3270 data streams.

SNA backbone

In an SNA network, the set of all interconnected nodes that consist of 37xx products running the Network Control Program.

SNA character string (SCS)

In SNA, a string of EBCDIC control characters carried within a request/response unit (RU); the string can also contain user data.

SNA distribution services (SNADS)

See Systems Network Architecture distribution services.

SNADS (SNA distribution services)

See Systems Network Architecture distribution services.

SNADS receiver

A user-configured (using the ADDCMNE command) batch job that is started in the subsystem specified on the communications entry when the system receives SNADS distribution from a sending system in the SNADS network. See also SNADS sender.

SNADS router

A system-provided batch job that runs in the QSNADS subsystem and routes distributions to the configured distribution queue.

SNADS sender

A user-configured (by using the CFGDSTSRV command to add the SNADS distribution queue) batch job that is started in the QSNADS subsystem, and sends distributions to another system in the SNADS network. See also SNADS receiver.

SNA/File Services (SNA/FS)

See Systems Network Architecture File Services.

SNA/FS (SNA/File Services)

See Systems Network Architecture File Services.

SNA/Management Services Transport

See Systems Network Architecture Management Services Transport. A service that allows files to be fetched, moved, and stored at nodes in a SNADS network. SNA/FS provides name structure and version identification mechanisms that uniquely identify files in a network.

SNA/MS Transport

See Systems Network Architecture Management Services Transport. A service that allows files to be fetched, moved, and stored at nodes in a SNADS network. SNA/FS provides name structure and version identification mechanisms that uniquely identify files in a network.

SNA network

The part of the user application network that conforms to the formats and protocols of Systems Network Architecture (SNA). It enables reliable transfer of data among users and provides protocols for controlling the resources of various network configurations. The SNA network consists of network addressable units (NAUs), gateway function, intermediate session routing function components, and the transport network.

SNA pass-through

The i5/OS software processes through which SNA data is passed from source secondary applications or devices to target primary applications. SNA pass-through supports LU session types 0 through 3.

snap-in

A registered user exit program that is defined to be called from mail server framework user exit points. The mail server framework user exit points are referred to as ports by the mail server framework. Systems will snap-in the programs that are needed to operate.

snap-in provided information (SPIN)

An area where snap-in user exit points programs can store information that other snap-ins can use. SPIN provides a place where information relating to a specific recipient can be stored and used by snap-ins in the same user exit point or in different user exit points. The information that is stored in snap-in provided information is completely user defined and interpreted data.

SNA Primary LU2 Support (SPLS)

The i5/OS communications support that allows 3270-type displays and 3287-type printers to communicate with System i™ systems through an SNA network.

SNA remote job entry

See remote job entry.

SNA report code

In SNA, a registered code identifying the condition that is being reported.

SNA upline facility (SNUF)

The communications support that allows a System i system to communicate with CICS/VS and IMS/VS application programs on a host system. For example, DHCF communicates with HCF and DSNX communicates with the NetView® Distribution Manager program.

SNBU

See switched network backup.

sniffing

The practice of monitoring or eavesdropping on electronic transmissions. Information that is sent across the Internet might pass through many routers before it reaches its destination. Any of those routers can sniff the transmission and attempt to interpret the information. Passwords or other confidential information that is sent in unencrypted form might be discovered.

SNMP

See Simple Network Management Protocol.

SNMP agent

A server process that resides on a network node and is responsible for communicating with managers regarding that node. The node is represented as a managed object, which has various fields or variables that are defined in the appropriate MIB.

SNMP manager

A managing system that runs a managing application or suite of applications. These applications depend on Management Information Base (MIB) objects for information that resides on the managed system. The SNMP manager generates requests for this MIB information, and an SNMP agent on the managed system responds to these requests.

SNRM

See set normal response mode.

SNUF

See SNA upline facility.

socket

(1) A means for directing data to an application in a TCP/IP network using a unique identifier that is a combination of an IP address and a port number.

(2) An identifier that an application uses to uniquely identify an end point of communication. The user associates a protocol address with the socket by associating a socket address with the socket.

socket address

A data structure that uniquely identifies a specific communications end point. It also specifies the protocol family. For example, a TCP/IP socket address consists of a port number and a host address.

socket API

See socket application programming interface.

socket application programming interface (socket API)

An industry standard API that provides application programs with a connection-oriented or a connectionless transfer of data over multiple protocols.

Sockets Secure (SOCKS)

(1) A client/server architecture that transports TCP/IP traffic through a secure gateway. A SOCKS server performs many of the same services that a proxy server does.

(2) A mechanism by which a secure proxy data channel can be established between two computers.

sockets server

See SOCKS server.

SOCKS

See Sockets Secure.

SOCKS server

A proxy server that provides a secure one-way connection through a firewall to server applications in a nonsecure network. The server applications in the secure network must be compatible with the socket interface.

soft commit

A form of commitment control that differs from traditional commitment control in that it limits the number of times that the system writes journal entries that are associated with a transaction to disk. Soft commit improves transaction performance and guarantees transaction atomicity, but does not guarantee the durability of recently committed transactions in case of a system failure.

softcopy

One or more files that can be electronically distributed, manipulated, and printed by a user.

software license key

An authorization that regulates the use of software licensed programs. Software license keys need to be installed on the system when software is upgraded or moved, the hardware processor group is changed, additional license usage is added, or new software that requires license keys is purchased.

Software Management Services (SMS)

A set of offerings that provide the user with a consistent distribution, installation, and service strategy for both IBM licensed programs and System Manager-packaged programs.

SOH character

See start-of-header character.

sort file

In COBOL, the temporary file that contains all the records to be sorted by a SORT statement. The sort file is created and used only by the sort function.

sort-merge file description entry

In COBOL, an entry in the File Section of the Data Division that is composed of the level indicator SD, followed by a file name, and then followed by a set of file clauses as required.

sort sequence

The order in which characters are arranged within the computer to sort, combine, or compare data. A binary sort uses the internal representation of a character to sort characters in a sequence. When you use binary representation to sort characters, your resulting data may not be in the order that you expect.

sort sequence table

A table containing the order in which characters are arranged within the computer for sorting, combining, or comparing.

sort utility

A function of the operating system used to arrange records in a sequence determined by data contained in one or more fields in the record.

source

In VisualAge RPG, a part that can notify target parts whenever the state of the source part changes. A source part can have multiple targets.

source address

The location from which information is to be sent. See also destination address.

source data queue program

In iSeries Access, a series of PC programs that allow end users or user-written programs to manipulate data using data queues.

source debugger

A tool for debugging Integrated Language Environment® (ILE) programs by displaying a representation of their source code. See also symbolic debugger.

source directory

In VisualAge RPG, the directory in which all source files for the VRPG application are stored.

source distributed data manager (SDDM)

In a distributed data management network, programming support that translates local data management requests for remote files or SQL requests for a remote database into a DDM request, establishes communications to the remote system where the data file or database is located, and sends the request to the remote (target) system for processing. See also target distributed data manager.

source file

A file of programming code that is not compiled into machine language. See also data file.

source listing

A portion of a compiler listing that contains source statements and, optionally, test results.

source member

A member of a database source file that contains source statements, such as ILEC, COBOL, RPG, or DDS statements.

source overlay

In AFP Utilities, a file member that contains the definition of an overlay.

source physical file

In i5/OS, a file that contains members and that stores text or source statements instead of data.

source program

(1) A set of instructions that are written in a programming language and must be translated into machine language before the program can be run.

(2) In communications, the program that starts a session with a remote system. See also target program.

(3) In DB2 UDB for iSeries, the source in an i5/OS source file member used to create an SQL program.

source release

During software upgrades, the version, release, and modification level of the installed product before a new level of the product is installed. See also target release.

source service access point (SSAP)

In SNA and TCP/IP, a logical address that allows a system to send data to a remote device from the appropriate communications support. See also destination service access point.

source statement

A statement written in the symbols of a programming language. For example, COBOL, RPG, and DDS statements are source statements.

source system

(1) The system that currently owns the production copy of an independent disk pool in a cross-site mirroring (XSM) environment. Changes to the production copy of an independent disk pool are replicated to all mirror copies of the independent disk pool that exist on backup nodes within the recovery domain.

(2) In distributed data management (DDM), a system containing an application program that requests access to data in another system.

(3) The system that sends information in a network of systems that exchange objects and data. See also target system.

(4) In upgrades, the existing system that is being upgraded with new hardware or a new level of software.

(5) In communications, the system that issues a request to establish communications with another system.

source type

In the application development tools, a characteristic of i5/OS members that allows the user to select a subset of the members available in a CoOperative Development Environment/400 session. Source types include i5/OS members with a particular member type.

space

(1) Any storage area that can be directly accessed, down to its individual (8-bit) bytes, by a machine interface user such as a program or procedure.

(2) A sequence of one or more blank characters.

spacebar

A control key for the spacing function.

spanned record

A logical record stored in more than one block on a storage medium.

spawn

A function in which a calling process (the parent process) creates a new process called a child process. The child process inherits attributes from the parent process. A new program is specified and starts running in the child process.

SPCN

See system power control network.

SPD

See system product division.

SPD bus

A System i input/output bus architecture.

SPDU

See session-layer protocol data unit.

special authority

The types of authority a user can have to perform system functions, including all object authority, save system authority, job control authority, security administrator authority, spool control authority, service authority, and system configuration authority. See also specific authority.

special character

(1) A character other than a digit, a letter, or one of these characters: $, #, @, ., or _. For example, the following characters are special characters: *, +, and %.

(2) In REXX, a token that acts as a delimiter when found outside a literal string. Special characters include the comma (,), semicolon (;), colon (:), right parenthesis ()), left parenthesis ((), and the individual characters from the operators.

(3) In COBOL, a character that is neither numeric nor alphabetic.

special-character keyboard set

In iSeries Access, an optional keyboard set, used by Western European countries and the Americas, that contains special characters like the Spanish tilde or the international currency symbol.

special-character word

In COBOL, a reserved word that is an arithmetic operator or a relational character.

special register

(1) In COBOL, compiler-created data items used to store information produced by specific COBOL features (for example, the DEBUG-ITEM special register).

(2) A storage area that is defined for an application process by the database manager and is used to store information that can be referenced in SQL statements. Examples are USER and CURRENT DATE.

special variable

In REXX, a variable set automatically by the language processor. Special variables are RC, RESULT, and SIGL.

Specification 1170

A series of system interfaces, headers, and utilities. Specification 1170 is a superset (with some changes) of the POSIX 1003.1 and POSIX 1003.2 standards. Specification 1170 is also a superset of XPG4 Base. It includes sockets, the SVID real-time model for interprocess communications, and miscellaneous interfaces.

specification X.21 (X.21)

In data communications, a specification of the CCITT that defines the connection of data terminal equipment to an X.21 (public data) network.

specific authority

The types of authority a user can be given to use the system resources, including object authorities and data authorities. See also special authority.

specific poll

One of the locations on a polling list.

specific polling

In Managed System Services, a type of polling used by the topology manager when collecting topology information for a particular system in the network.

spell mode

The method of operation that uses spell aid and spell check functions to proofread and replace words in a document.

sphere of control

In SNA, a collection of network node control points for which another system is acting as a focal point. This collection includes both control points explicitly defined by the customer, if the controlling system is a primary focal point, and control points assumed by the system if the controlling system is a default focal point.

SPI

See Security Policy Index.

spider label

In the GDDM function, a label used to add a comment or a note for a pie-chart slice. Each label is joined to its associated slice by a line.

SPIN

See snap-in provided information.

spin button

A type of entry field that shows a scrollable ring of choices from which a user can select a choice. After the last choice is displayed, the first choice is displayed again. A user can also type a choice from the scrollable ring into the entry field without interacting with the spin button.

splitting

In OSI, the technique of a single transport connection using multiple network connections so that an application entity can use more than one line to send data on an association. Splitting can increase data throughput and resistance to network failure. It might be used, for example, to send a large file more quickly than if a single line were used. Splitting is available only with transport layer class 4.

SPLS

See SNA Primary LU2 Support.

spoofing

The practice of masquerading as a trusted system to try to obtain confidential information. For example, when a would-be intruder sets up a client system with an IP address that is trusted by another system, it is called IP spoofing.

spool

(1) To reduce, through the use of auxiliary storage as buffer storage, processing delays when transferring data between peripheral equipment and the processors of a computer.

(2) The system function of putting files or jobs into disk storage for later processing or printing.

spool control authority

A special authority that allows the user to perform spooling functions, such as display, delete, hold, and release spooled files on the output queue for himself and other users. This authority also allows the user to change the spooled file attributes, such as the printer used to print the file.

spooled file

A file that holds output data waiting to be processed, such as information waiting to be printed.

spooling job

A batch job that is started by the spooling subsystem.

spooling reader

The general name to refer to the function of the diskette reader and the database reader.

spooling subsystem

A part of the system that provides the operating environment for the programs that read jobs onto job queues to wait for processing and write files from an output queue to an output device. IBM supplies one spooling subsystem: QSPL.

spooling writer

The general name to refer to the function of the diskette writer and printer writer.

SPX

See Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol.

SQL

See Structured Query Language.

SQLAM

See SQL application manager.

SQL application manager (SQLAM)

A function that represents an application to the remote relational database manager. The SQL application manager can be present in both an application requester and an application server.

SQLCA

See SQL communication area.

SQL communication area (SQLCA)

A set of variables that provides an application program with information about the execution of its SQL statements, XQuery expressions, or requests from the database manager.

SQLDA

See SQL descriptor area.

SQL descriptor area (SQLDA)

A set of variables in a structure used in the processing of certain SQL statements that describe input variables, output variables, or the columns of a result table. The SQL descriptor area is intended for dynamic SQL programs.

SQL query

In query management, a type of query that is created by running an IMPORT command against a file containing an SQL statement.

SRC

See system reference code.

SRCB

See subrecord control byte.

S reference point

In Performance Tools, the interface (including the cable) between the terminal equipment (TE) and network termination 2 (NT2).

SRM

See system resources manager.

SRM database object

See system resource management database object.

SS

See start-stop. See also asynchronous communication.

SSAP

(1) See source service access point. See also destination service access point.

(2) See session-layer service access point.

SSAP selector

In OSI, an external identifier for a service access point at the session layer. The SSAP selector is part of a presentation address.

SSCP

See system services control point.

SSCP ID

See system services control point identifier.

SSDU

See session-layer service data unit.

SSL

See Secure Sockets Layer.

SSO

See single sign-on.

SST

See system service tools.

stand-alone dump

A printout of main storage requested separately from normal system operations, which does not require the system to be in a condition for normal operations.

stand-alone system

A system that runs application programs independently of another system. The exchange of data files or applications with another system is done manually, through portable media, such as diskette or tape.

standard data format

In COBOL, the format in which data is described as it appears when it is printed rather than how it is stored in the computer.

standard error (STDERR)

The output stream to which error messages or diagnostic messages are sent. See also standard input, standard output.

Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

A standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based on the ISO 8879 standard. SGML focuses on structuring information rather than presenting information; it separates the structure and content from the presentation. It also facilitates the interchange of documents across an electronic medium.

standard input (STDIN)

An input stream from which data is retrieved. Standard input is normally associated with the keyboard, but if redirection or piping is used, the standard input can be a file or the output from a command. See also standard error.

standard output (STDOUT)

The output stream to which data is directed. Standard output is normally associated with the console, but if redirection or piping is used, the standard output can be a file or a command. See also standard error.

standard set

A group of CD-ROMs that contains the i5/OS program, no-charge options, and no-charge licensed programs.

start-control-program-function job (SCPF job)

A job used during a portion of the initial program load process that starts the operating system.

start data traffic (SDT)

In SNA, a command issued by the primary logical unit, which allows user data to be sent on the logical unit-to-logical unit (LU-to-LU) session.

starter set

In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, the subset of the programming interface that can be used by customer programs that use simplified data communications.

start-of-header character (SOH character)

In binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character indicating that the information that follows is a header.

start-of-text character (STX character)

In binary synchronous communications, a transmission control character used to begin a logical set of records that will be ended by the end-of-text character or end-of-transmission-block character.

start-stop (SS)

Pertaining to asynchronous communications line control that uses start signals and stop signals to control the transfer of data over a communications line. Each group of signals representing a character is preceded by a start signal and followed by a stop signal. See also asynchronous communication.

state

The attribute of a program that determines the domain of objects that it can access directly.

state change

(1) In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a change in the status of an application entity or association--for example, an application entity changing from activated to deactivated.

(2) In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, an event that indicates that a resource--such as a line--has had a change in status. State change events are logged and generate a message to the operator.

statement

An instruction in a program or procedure.

state transition

The change from one state to another.

static bind

A process by which SQL statements are bound after they are precompiled. All static SQL statements are prepared for execution at the same time. See also dynamic bind, automatic bind.

static data

Data that is stored in static storage. See also automatic data.

static IP address

A fixed IP address for a persistent device or logical unit on a network that uses the IP standard. See also IP address.

static method

See also instance method. See class method.

static NAT

See static network address translation. See also network address translation.

static network address translation (static NAT)

A one-to-one mapping of IP addresses that allows a user to map an IP address on an internal network to an IP address that is to be made public. If static NAT is used, traffic can initiate from either side of the connection. See also network address translation.

static procedure call

A high-level language (HLL) call statement that specifies the name of an Integrated Language Environment (ILE) procedure to be called. See also procedure pointer call.

static program call

A connection among programs during binding (program creation time). See also dynamic program call.

static route

A route between hosts, between networks, or between a host and a network, that is entered into a routing table.

static SQL

SQL statements that are embedded within a program, and are prepared during the program preparation process before the program is executed. After being prepared, a static SQL statement does not change, although values of host variables specified by the statement can change. See also dynamic SQL.

static storage

An area that is allocated by the system when a program is activated. Static storage exists as long as the program activation exists. If the program has not been deactivated, the values in the storage persist from one call to another. See also automatic storage, dynamic storage.

station address

A 2-character hexadecimal value from 01 to FE. For a primary controller, it is called the SDLC station address; for a secondary controller, it is called the remote system address.

station protector

A device attached to the system cable to protect work stations attached in different buildings from lightning.

statistical event

In OSI, an event counted for a specific purpose. Statistical events are logged but do not generate a message to the operator.

status

The current condition or state of a program or device, for example, the status of a printer.

status area

A part of a window that displays information indicating the state of the current view of an object.

status bar

In iSeries Access, the part of a window that displays information indicating the current state of that window's content.

status line

A line at the top of a display that contains information about a document and current operations, including an audit window, the document name, and page and line number.

STDERR

See standard error. See also standard input, standard output.

STDIN

See standard input. See also standard error.

STDOUT

See standard output. See also standard error.

stem

In REXX, that part of a compound symbol up to and including the first period. It contains just one period, which is the last character. It cannot start with a digit or a period. A reference to a stem can also be used to manipulate all variables sharing that stem.

step

To cause a computer to run one operation.

S/T interface

In Performance Tools, the interface at the S and T reference points defined in the reference model of the integrated services digital network (ISDN). When there is no network termination 2 (NT2), the S and T reference points become one S/T point.

storage area network (SAN)

A dedicated storage network tailored to a specific environment, combining servers, systems, storage products, networking products, software, and services.

storage control

In CICS, a facility that controls requests for main storage to provide intermediate work areas not automatically provided by CICS.

storage device subsystem

A part of the computer consisting of the controller and one or more attached storage devices.

storage location

In Backup Recovery and Media Services, a place where media and containers can be stored awaiting expiration or movement to another location such as off-site storage, vaults, or long-term (permanent) retention. Backup Recovery and Media Services has two predefined locations that can be overridden by the user: 1) *HOME, the system keyword for the on-site library (or home location); and 2) VAULT, a default storage location that refers to the default off-site storage location.

storage management recovery

A function that prepares the system to access data from all disk units configured to the system.

storage model

A creation attribute for modules, programs, and service programs that describes the type of storage supplied by the system at run time for automatic, static, and constant storage. The system-recognized identifiers for storage model are *SNGLVL (single-level store), *TERASPACE (teraspace), and *INHERIT (inherit). *INHERIT, which is specified only for modules and service programs, indicates that the object must be created such that it will run when either single-level store or teraspace is supplied.

storage pool

A logical division of storage reserved for processing a job or group of jobs.

store

To place and retain data in a storage device, so that it is available for retrieval and updating.

store and forward

The temporary storing of packets, messages, or frames in a data network before they are retransmitted toward their destination.

store controller

See retail controller.

stream

A continuous sequence of data elements being transmitted, or intended for transmission, using a defined format.

stream file

(1) A file that contains continuous streams of bits such as PC files, documents, and other data stored in System i folders.

(2) A file containing a continuous stream of data. Stream files are well suited for storing strings of data such as the text of a document, images, audio, and video. The content and format of stream files are managed by the application rather than by the system.

streaming

A method of writing and reading data on magnetic tape as continuous fields without record boundaries.

stream mode

A method of sending and receiving data in which records are defined as a stream of data without boundaries.

strikeover

A character entered in a space currently occupied by another character.

string

(1) A group of auxiliary storage devices connected in a series on the system. The order and location in which each device is connected to the system determines the physical address of the device.

(2) A sequence of elements of the same nature, such as characters considered as a whole. For example, character string, binary string, and hexadecimal string.

string concatenation

In REXX, an operation that joins two characters or strings in the order specified, forming one string whose length is equal to the sum of the lengths of the two characters or strings.

string control byte (SCB)

In MTAM and RJE, a control character in the SNA character string that identifies how user data is compressed.

string delimiter

A symbol that is used to enclose an SQL string constant. The SQL string delimiter is the apostrophe ('), except in COBOL applications, where the user assigns either a quotation mark (") or an apostrophe (').

strong export

An export that allows only one definition of an external symbol to be used by the binder. The first definition in the binder search is chosen, and duplicate definitions are discarded. The binder always chooses a strong export over a weak export for the same symbol. See also weak export.

structure

A class data type that contains an ordered group of data objects. Unlike an array, the data objects within a structure can have varied data types.

structure attributes

In OSI, keywords and syntax that tell the Abstract Syntax Checker how to build the data structures.

structured field

A self-identifying string of bytes and its data or parameters.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database.

structured type

In OSI, an ASN.1 type defined by reference to one or more other ASN.1 types.

stub procedure

In transport independent remote procedure call (TI-RPC) programming, a functional subset of procedures that is needed to implement a client or server protocol.

STX character

See start-of-text character.

subaddress

An extension of an ISDN address used to identify individual users, processors, or groups of users within a large group of users or processors that are identified by a single network number.

subagent

An extension to an SNMP agent that permits a user to dynamically add, or in some cases replace, management variables in the local MIB, thereby providing a means of extending the range of information that network managers may access.

subarea

A portion of the SNA network consisting of a subarea node, attached peripheral nodes, and associated resources. Within a subarea node, all network addressable units (NAUs), links, and adjacent link stations in attached peripheral or subarea nodes that are addressable within the subarea share a common subarea address and have distinct element addresses.

subarea node

In SNA, a type 4 or type 5 node that uses network addresses for routing and whose routing tables are, therefore, affected by changes in the configuration of the network. Subarea nodes can provide boundary function support for peripheral nodes.

subclass

In Java, a class that is derived from a particular class, either directly or indirectly.

subdirectory

A directory contained within another directory in a file system hierarchy.

subdomain

A domain that makes up a part of a larger domain.

subfield

In RPG, the layout of a field within a data structure.

subfile

In i5/OS, a group of records of the same record format that can be displayed at the same time at a display station. The system sends the entire group of records to the display in a single operation and receives the group from the display in another operation.

subfile control record format

One of two record formats required to define a subfile in DDS. The subfile control record format describes the size of the subfile and the size of the subfile page, and is used by the program to write the subfile to and read the subfile from the display.

subfile record format

One of two record formats required to define a subfile in DDS. The subfile record format defines the fields in a subfile record and is used by the program to perform input, output, and update operations to the subfile.

subfolder

A folder that is in another folder. For example, if folder A contains folder B and folder B contains folder C, then B and C are subfolders of A because the folder path for each begins with A (A/B/C).

subkeyword

In REXX, a symbol reserved by the language processor within the clause of individual instructions. For example, the symbol FOREVER is a subkeyword of the DO instruction.

sublayer

In OSI, a subdivision within a layer.(I)

subnet

(1) To divide a network into smaller interconnected, but independent subgroups.

(2) A network divided into smaller independent subgroups, which still are interconnected.

subnet address

In Internet communications, an extension to the basic IP addressing scheme where a portion of the host address is interpreted as the local network address.

subnet mask

For internet subnetworking, a 32-bit mask used to identify the subnetwork address bits in the host portion of an IP address.

subnet value

The bit template that identifies to the TCP/IP protocol code which host or hosts are defined by this route. This bit template must be a subset of the subnet mask.

subnetwork

(1) The communications media that join two network nodes together. A subnetwork is a representation within the OSI reference model of a real network, such as a carrier network, a private network, or a local area network (LAN).

(2) A distinct partitioned piece of an internet network represented by two or more sets of addresses that are subsets of the network's range of addresses.

subnetwork address

In OSI, a DTE address.

subnetwork mask

A bit mask of 32 bits that defines the particular subnetwork to which an interface attaches.

subprogram

A called program that is combined with the calling program at run time to produce a run unit. A subprogram is below the calling program in the call stack.

subquery

A form of a fullselect that is enclosed within parentheses and used as a component of a query.

subrecord control byte (SRCB)

In MTAM and RJE, a control character used to provide additional information about a record.

subroutine

(1) In REXX, an internal, built-in, or external routine called by the CALL instruction that may or may not return a result string. If a subroutine returns a result string, a subroutine can also be called by a function call, in which case it is being called as a function.

(2) A sequence of instructions within a larger program that performs a particular task. A subroutine can be accessed repeatedly, can be used in more than one program, and can be called at more than one point in a program.

subscript

(1) A character that is printed one-half line below the normal printing line. For example, the number 2 in the chemical formula for water, H 2 O, is a subscript. See also superscript.

(2) In COBOL, a positive number or variable whose value refers to a particular item in a table.

subscripted data-name

In COBOL, a data name that is made unique with a subscript.

subselect

That form of a query that does not include a FOR UPDATE clause or set operators (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT). Subselect query syntax can differ depending on the platform. See also fullselect.

substitution character

A unique character that is substituted during character conversion for any characters in the source program that do not have a match in the target coding representation.

substitution string

A specified string of characters that replaces a string of characters that were located by a scan operation.

substitution variable

A variable used to pass information, such as a file name, for use in a message.

substring

A part of a character string.

subsystem

An operating environment, defined by a subsystem description, where the system coordinates processing and resources.

subsystem description

A system object that contains information defining the characteristics of an operating environment controlled by the system. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *SBSD.

subsystem information base

In OSI, an information base that specifies configuration information. The subsystem information base is built mostly by the Administrative Facility and used by OSI Communications Subsystem to control its own operations and network operations.

subtree

A section of a directory hierarchy, which is also called a directory tree. The subtree typically starts at a particular directory and includes all subdirectories and objects below that directory in the directory hierarchy; that is, any subdirectories or objects connected to the directory or to any lower level of its subdirectories.

subtype

In Java, if type X extends or implements type Y, then X is a subtype of Y.

summary records

In iSeries Access, an operation that allows a user to specify that only summary information be transferred instead of entire records.

summary report

In Query, a report that contains only summary information, such as the total, average, minimum, maximum, or count by a query. See also detail report.

superclass

(1) See parent class.

(2) In Java, a class from which a particular class is derived, perhaps with one or more classes in between.

supernet mask

A bit template that identifies to the TCP/IP code which bits of the host address are used for routing to specific subnets. A subnet mask has fewer 1 bits than the corresponding class mask for a given Internet Protocol (IP) address.

superscript

A symbol, number, or letter written immediately above and to the right or left of another character. For example, a footnote can be identified in text with a superscript number. See also subscript.

supertype

In Java, all the interfaces and classes that are extended or implemented by that type.

supervisory

Pertaining to a frame format that performs data link control functions such as acknowledging information frames, requesting retransmission, and requesting temporary suspension of transmission. Receive ready (RR), receive not ready (RNR), and reject (REJ) are examples of supervisory frame formats.

supplemental group

One or more group profiles of which the user is a member. The user's first group profile is specified in the group profile (GRPPRF) parameter of the user profile. Supplemental group profiles are specified in the supplemental group profile (SUPGRPPRF) parameter of the group profile.

supplier system

For directory shadowing, a system that provides initial or changed Enterprise Address Book (EAB) data to a collector system in a network. See also collector system.

suppression

In AFP support, a page-and-form-definition function that is used to identify fields in a print record that are not printed on selected pages of a document.

surface chart

In the GDDM function, a chart similar to a line chart, except that no markers appear, and the areas between successive lines are shaded.

surface graph

In Performance Tools, a graph similar to a line graph, except that no markers appear, and the areas between successive lines are shaded.

suspend

In cross-site mirroring, to temporarily stop geographic mirroring. If the mirror copy contained usable data when suspended, the mirror copy still contains usable, though possibly outdated, data.

suspended state

In cross-site mirroring, the configuration state of the mirror copy that does not attempt to perform geographic mirroring when the independent disk pool is available. The mirror copy state is suspended when it is not resuming or active.

SVC

See switched virtual circuit.

swab

Cotton attached to the end of a small stick. Used to clean dirt particles or lint from an area.

swapped

When using the REXX REVERSE function, pertaining to a process that exchanges the values in the input string by reversing their positions.

sweep

In AFP support, the movement around an arc from the center point of the arc.

switch

A half-duplex or full-duplex device that detects which devices are attached at each port and passes only frames addressed to those devices on that port. A switch has a small collision domain.

switchable entity

The physical resource containing the independent disk pools that can be switched between systems in a cluster. This can be a expansion unit containing disk units in a multiple system environment. This could also be an IOP containing disk units in an LPAR environment. See also device cluster resource group.

switchable hardware group

See also switchable entity. See device cluster resource group.

switch back

In a remote journal network, to direct clustering functions to allow the primary system to reassume its role from a previously promoted backup system.

switch-back

In a remote journal network, pertaining to the processing that is performed by a hot-backup application to allow the primary system to reassume its role from a previously promoted backup system.

switched line

In data communications, a connection between computers or devices that is established by dialing. See also nonswitched line.

switched network backup (SNBU)

A modem feature that allows a nonswitched line to be used alternatively as a switched line or allows a switched line to be used as a nonswitched line depending on the characteristics of the modem.

switched virtual circuit (SVC)

(1) A virtual circuit that is requested by a virtual call. It is released when the virtual circuit is cleared.

(2) In OSI, a temporary association between two DTEs that is initiated when one DTE makes a call request to the network.

switch over

In a remote journal network, to direct clustering functions to change all uses of a cluster resource to a backup node that becomes the new primary access point of the resource.

switchover

(1) A cluster event where the primary database server or application server switches over to a backup system due to the manual intervention from the cluster management interface.

(2) In a remote journal network, pertaining to the processing that is performed by a hot-backup application to logically promote a backup system to assume the role of a primary system.

switchover order

The defined relationship among the primary and backup nodes in a recovery domain.

syllable hyphen

A hyphen used to divide a word at the end of a line; it may be removed when a program adjusts lines. See also required hyphen.

symbol

Any combination of alphabetic or numeric characters (A-Z, a-z, or 0-9) and the characters @, #, $, ., !, ?, and _.

symbolic debugger

A tool that aids in the debugging of programs written in certain high-level languages. See also source debugger.

symbolic destination name

In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a name by which an application entity identifies to OSI Communications Subsystem the peer application entity with which it is to communicate. OSI Communications Subsystem uses the symbolic destination name to determine (a) the presentation address of the peer application entity, and (b) the application mode to be used on the association.

symbolic link

A type of file that contains a pointer to another file or directory.

symbolic name

(1) A unique name used to identify an entity such as a field, file, data structure, or label within an RPG program.

(2) A string composed of characters from the ISO 646 code set that is used in locales to represent a character.

symbol resolution

In ILE, the process the binder uses to match unresolved imports from the set of modules to be bound by copy with the set of exports provided by the specified modules and service programs.

symbol set

In Business Graphics Utility, a supplied character set used for text strings on charts; for example, headings, legend text, labels, and notes.

symmetric cryptography

See shared-secret key cryptography.

symmetric key cryptography

A system of cryptography in which the sender and receiver of a message share a single, common, secret key that is used to encrypt and decrypt the message.

SYN

See synchronization character. In binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character that provides a signal to the receiving station for timing the characters received.

SYN character

See synchronization character. In binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character that provides a signal to the receiving station for timing the characters received.

synchronization

(1) The cross-site mirroring (XSM) processing that copies data from the production copy to the mirror copy. During synchronization, the mirror copy contains unusable data. When synchronization is completed, the mirror copy contains usable data.

(2) In commitment control, the process of ensuring that all commitment resources are either committed or rolled back to the same commitment boundary after an abnormal end.

synchronization point (syncpoint)

(1) In APPC, a reference point during transaction processing to which resources can be restored if a failure occurs.

(2) In OSI, a point to which a session can be reset. Setting a synchronization point requires the appropriate token. Synchronization points are a session-layer service.

synchronization character (SYN character, SYN)

In binary synchronous communications, the transmission control character that provides a signal to the receiving station for timing the characters received.

synchronize/minor token

In OSI, a session layer token that controls the insertion of minor synchronization points.

synchronous

(1) In cross-site mirroring, pertaining to the mode of geographic mirroring where the program that issues the update waits until the operation is completed on both the production copy and the mirror copy. This mode ensures that once control is returned to the client, the operation is accurately reflected on both the production copy and the mirror copy.

(2) Pertaining to two or more processes that depend upon the occurrences of specific events, such as a common timing signal. See also asynchronous.

Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)

A protocol for managing synchronous information transfer over a data link connection.

synchronous disk I/O

In Performance Tools, a disk access operation that must complete before program operation can continue. See also asynchronous disk I/O.

synchronous level

In finance communications, a level at which a logical unit (LU) determines if it can allocate and deallocate system resources.

synchronous messaging

A method of communication between programs in which a program places a message on a message queue and then waits for a reply to its message before resuming its own processing. See also asynchronous messaging.

synchronous processing

A series of operations that are done as part of the job in which they were requested; for example, calling a program in an interactive job at a work station. See also asynchronous processing.

synchronous transmission

A method of transmission in which the sending and receiving of data is controlled by timing signals. See also asynchronous transmission.

syncpoint

See synchronization point.

sync point

A point during the processing of a transaction at which protected resources are consistent.

sync point manager

A function that coordinates the two-phase commit process for protected resources, so that all changes to data are either committed or backed out.

synonym aid

A document proofreading function that replaces a given word with one having a similar meaning that the user chooses from a list of synonyms provided by a dictionary.

syntactic analysis

In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a compiler analysis of a program to determine the structure of the program and whether it is valid for a given programming language.

syntax

The rules for the construction of a command or statement. See also semantics.

syntax checker

A feature that detects syntax errors in program statements, displays a message, and shows the field or statement in reverse image.

syntax tree listing

In OSI, a report produced by the Abstract Syntax Checker that lists the order and hierarchical relationships of presentation data values (PDVs) and data structures--and shows the associated type assignments.

system

In data processing, a collection of people, machines, and methods organized to accomplish a set of specific functions.

System/36 environment

A function of the i5/OS operating system that processes most of the System/36 operator control language (OCL) statements and procedure statements to run System/36 application programs and allows the user to process the control language (CL) commands. See also System/38™ environment.

System/36 object

A configuration description in System/36 terms that defines the System/36 environment. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *S36.

System/38 environment

A function of the operating system that processes most of the System/38 control language (CL) statements and programs to run System/38 application programs. See also System/36 environment.

System/38 Utilities

A licensed program for running and maintaining Data File Utility and Query applications for those who migrate from the System/38 system.

system administrator

In OSI, a person who controls how the open system resources of a system or enterprise are used.

system area network (SAN)

The connectivity of multiple systems with the characteristic of high-performance communications and thus an implied short distance between nodes in the network.

system ASP

The auxiliary storage pool where system programs and system data reside. It can also include user programs and user data. The system ASP (ASP1) always exists. See also auxiliary storage pool, user ASP.

system configuration list

A list of devices that are provided with the system.

system configuration special authority

A special authority that allows the user to make changes to system configuration information, such as communications definitions.

system console

(1) A display station from which an operator can control and observe the system operation.

(2) The device that is in control of the i5/OS operating system after the system has been shut down and when the system is in a restricted state. Only one device can be the system console at one time. See also backup console.

system date

The date assigned in the system values when the system is started.

system description

A description of the system that should include the full name and version identification of the hardware type for the system, the software operating system, and the networking software.

system distribution directory

A list of user IDs and identifying information, such as network addresses, used to send distributions.

system domain object

An object on the system that can be accessed only by a system state program. The object types that can be either system domain or user domain are: *USRSPC, *USRIDX, *USRQ, *PGM, *SQLPKG. All other object types are system domain. See also domain.

system group

(1) In iSeries Navigator, a logical collection of endpoint systems.

(2) In SNADS, the second part of a system name in the system distribution directory.

System i

The family of systems comprising AS/400®, eServer™ iSeries, and System i5 platforms. See also System i5.

System i5

The most current generation of the System i family of general purpose systems that supports the i5/OS, Operating System/400®, AIX, and Linux operating systems and that provides application portability across all models. See also Operating System/400, i5/OS, System i.

system initialization table (SIT)

A table containing parameters used by CICS on start up.

system input/output bus

A set of hardware components that provide the physical path and logical protocol through which input/output (I/O) processors and I/O adapters communicate with system processors and main storage.

System i object

An object that exists in a library on the server and is represented by an object on the PC. For example, a user profile is a server object represented on the PC by the user profile object.

System i resource

In System Manager, an entity that contains objects and other resources that reside on the server and are represented by System Manager on the PC. System resources supported by System Manager include items within lists, such as user profile and user.

System i Support Family of Services

A selection of support services, which can be purchased individually or in packages, offered by IBM to customers. These services range from answering questions about system usage and support to consulting on complex system problems.

system job

A batch job created by the i5/OS operating system to control system resources and to schedule jobs.

system library

The library shipped with the system that contains objects, such as authorization lists and device descriptions created by a user, and the system commands and other system objects required to run the system. The system identifier is QSYS.

system-managed access-path protection (SMAPP)

An i5/OS function that allows a user to specify a goal for the maximum amount of time the system should use to recover access paths after an abnormal system end. The system automatically protects access paths so that they can be recovered within the time specified.

System Manager

The IBM licensed program that enables a system in a network to function as a service provider for other systems in the network.

System Manager Security

An application on the Hardware Management Console (HMC) that ensures that the HMC can operate securely in the client/server mode.

system menu

A list of options that affect the window or the view it contains.

system menu symbol

A symbol in the leftmost corner of a title bar that gives a user access to choices that affect the window or the view it contains.

system monitor

(1) In finance communications, a 4700 controller program used to perform service, configuration, and debugging functions on that controller.

(2) An iSeries Navigator tool that gathers and displays real-time performance data for the server.

system name

(1) An IBM-supplied name that uniquely identifies the system. It is used as a network value for certain communications applications such as APPC.

(2) An IBM-defined name that has a predefined meaning to the COBOL compiler. System names include computer names, language names, device names, and function names.

system object

A machine object classification. Any of the machine objects shipped with the system or any of the operating system objects created by the system. See also program object.

system operator message queue

A special message queue to which the system sends messages regarding changes in the status of the system, devices, and jobs, and messages indicating a condition that needs operator intervention. This message queue is identified by the name QSYSOPR.

system performance

A major factor in measuring system productivity. Performance is determined by a combination of throughput, response time, and availability.

system pointer

A pointer that contains addressability to a machine interface system object.

system policy

In Backup Recovery and Media Services, a policy that defines the overall default controls and values to be used by Backup Recovery and Media Services. These values can be defaulted to, or overridden by, the backup policy, archive policy, media policies, or move policies.

system power control network (SPCN)

An asynchronous serial communications network. SPCN connects the power system in participating components to the operating system and can report critical changes and power failures in those components to the operating system. SPCN gives the operating system control of electrical power.

system processor

The logic that contains the processor function to translate and process the i5/OS control language commands and programming language statements.

system product division (SPD)

A bus architecture that allows I/O to communicate to the processor. SPD-I/O refers to devices that use the SPD bus architecture to communicate with the rest of the system.

system programming commands

Commands used to monitor and change parameters within a CICS control region.

system reference code (SRC)

(1) A group of characters that identifies the machine status or a specific error condition. The system reference code can be displayed on the console from the problem log.

(2) The characters that identify the name of the unit that detected the condition and the reference code that describes the condition.

System Request key

A key that allows the user to start another interactive job at the user's workstation. The user can then use the System Request key to switch back and forth between jobs. An alternative job can be particularly useful for doing another task or viewing information without having to leave other work.

system resource

Any computer resource that is controlled by the system, such as programs, devices, and storage areas that are assigned for use in jobs.

system resource management database object (SRM database object)

In the system resource management (SRM) database, a repository of information about the hardware of the system. This information includes vital product data (VPD) from self-reporting hardware and additional topology and location information provided by manufacturing, service representatives, and users. This repository is carried out by system data space and index objects and provides a means for users to manage their system resources.

system resources manager (SRM)

A group of programs that controls the use of system resources, such as programs, devices, and storage areas that are assigned for use in jobs.

system security

A system function that restricts the use of files, libraries, folders, and devices to certain users.

system services control point (SSCP)

A focal point in an SNA network for managing configuration, coordinating network-operator and problem-determination requests, and providing directory support or other session services for network users.

system services control point identifier (SSCP ID)

In SNA, a number uniquely identifying a system services control point. The SSCP ID is used in requests sent to physical units and to other system services control points.

system service tools (SST)

The part of the service function used to service the system while the operating system is running.

system service tool user profile

The system-supplied user profile that has the authority necessary to service the system programming and the special authorities of save system authorities and job control authorities. Named SRV or QSRVBAS.

systems management

(1) In System Manager, all of the actions and procedures that accomplish the business support activity of making information systems services available. Information systems services include host, application, network, and data services.

(2) In OSI, the process of monitoring, coordinating, and controlling resources within open systems.

systems management application

In OSI, an application that provides systems management services.

systems management application entity (SMAE)

In OSI, the part of an agent process or a managing process that performs systems management communications functions. In OSI Communications Subsystem, both the agent process and the managing process use the same SMAE.

Systems Network Architecture (SNA)

The description of the logical structure, formats, protocols, and operational sequences for transmitting information through and controlling the configuration and operation of networks.

Systems Network Architecture distribution services (SNADS, SNA distribution services)

An IBM asynchronous distribution service that defines a set of rules to receive, route, and send electronic mail in a network of systems.

Systems Network Architecture File Services (SNA/File Services, SNA/FS)

A service that allows files to be fetched, moved, and stored at nodes in a SNADS network. SNA/FS provides name structure and version identification mechanisms that uniquely identify files in a network.

Systems Network Architecture Management Services Transport (SNA/Management Services Transport, SNA/MS Transport)

A service that allows files to be fetched, moved, and stored at nodes in a SNADS network. SNA/FS provides name structure and version identification mechanisms that uniquely identify files in a network.

system-specific format

A print descriptor naming convention required to store a print descriptor in a print descriptor group.

system state program

A program that can access a user domain object or a system domain object. The system state is reserved for IBM-supplied programs.

system-supplied formats

The communications record formats provided as part of the ICF support that allows a user's program to control data communications with a remote system. System-supplied formats perform such communications functions as starting remote programs, sending and receiving data, ending communications transactions, and ending sessions.

system time

The elapsed time from the point when the system was started to the current time.

system value

Control information for the operation of certain parts of the system. A user can change the system value to define the user's working environment. System date and library list are examples of system values. See also network attribute.