Locale (Java 2 Platform SE v1.4.1)

java.util
Class Locale
java.lang.Object
  |
  +--java.util.Locale
All Implemented Interfaces:
Cloneable, Serializable

public final class Locale
extends Object
implements Cloneable, Serializable

A Locale object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural region. An operation that requires a Locale to perform its task is called locale-sensitive and uses the Locale to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country, region, or culture.
Create a Locale object using the constructors in this class:
 Locale(String language)
 Locale(String language, String country)
 Locale(String language, String country, String variant)
 
The language argument is a valid ISO Language Code. These codes are the lower-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-639. You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/related/iso639.txt
The country argument is a valid ISO Country Code. These codes are the upper-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-3166. You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/doc/ISO_3166.html
The variant argument is a vendor or browser-specific code. For example, use WIN for Windows, MAC for Macintosh, and POSIX for POSIX. Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and put the most important one first. For example, a Traditional Spanish collation might construct a locale with parameters for language, country and variant as: "es", "ES", "Traditional_WIN".
Because a Locale object is just an identifier for a region, no validity check is performed when you construct a Locale. If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the Locale you construct, query those resources. For example, ask the NumberFormat for the locales it supports using its getAvailableLocales method.
Note: When you ask for a resource for a particular locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at ResourceBundle.
The Locale class provides a number of convenient constants that you can use to create Locale objects for commonly used locales. For example, the following creates a Locale object for the United States:
 Locale.US
 
Once you've created a Locale you can query it for information about itself. Use getCountry to get the ISO Country Code and getLanguage to get the ISO Language Code. You can use getDisplayCountry to get the name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly, you can use getDisplayLanguage to get the name of the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly, the getDisplayXXX methods are themselves locale-sensitive and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one that uses the locale specified as an argument.
The Java 2 platform provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive operations. For example, the NumberFormat class formats numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes such as NumberFormat have a number of convenience methods for creating a default object of that type. For example, the NumberFormat class provides these three convenience methods for creating a default NumberFormat object:
 NumberFormat.getInstance()
 NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance()
 NumberFormat.getPercentInstance()
 
These methods have two variants; one with an explicit locale and one without; the latter using the default locale.
 NumberFormat.getInstance(myLocale)
 NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(myLocale)
 NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(myLocale)
 
A Locale is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object (NumberFormat) that you would like to get. The locale is just a mechanism for identifying objects, not a container for the objects themselves.
Each class that performs locale-sensitive operations allows you to get all the available objects of that type. You can sift through these objects by language, country, or variant, and use the display names to present a menu to the user. For example, you can create a menu of all the collation objects suitable for a given language. Such classes must implement these three class methods:
 public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()
 public static String getDisplayName(Locale objectLocale,
                                     Locale displayLocale)
 public static final String getDisplayName(Locale objectLocale)
     // getDisplayName will throw MissingResourceException if the locale
     // is not one of the available locales.
 
Since:

1.1

See Also:
ResourceBundle, Format, NumberFormat, Collator, Serialized Form

Field Summary
static Locale CANADA
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale CANADA_FRENCH
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale CHINA
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale CHINESE
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale ENGLISH
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale FRANCE
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale FRENCH
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale GERMAN
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale GERMANY
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale ITALIAN
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale ITALY
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale JAPAN
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale JAPANESE
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale KOREA
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale KOREAN
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale PRC
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale TAIWAN
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale TRADITIONAL_CHINESE
    Useful constant for language.
static Locale UK
    Useful constant for country.
static Locale US
    Useful constant for country.

Constructor Summary
Locale(String language)
    Construct a locale from a language code.
Locale(String language, String country)
    Construct a locale from language, country.
Locale(String language, String country, String variant)
    Construct a locale from language, country, variant.

Method Summary
Object clone()
    Overrides Cloneable
boolean equals(Object obj)
    Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object.
static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()
    Returns a list of all installed locales.
String getCountry()
    Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or an upercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.
static Locale getDefault()
    Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
String getDisplayCountry()
    Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale)
    Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getDisplayLanguage()
    Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale)
    Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getDisplayName()
    Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getDisplayName(Locale inLocale)
    Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getDisplayVariant()
    Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)
    Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
String getISO3Country()
    Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country.
String getISO3Language()
    Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language.
static String[] getISOCountries()
    Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166.
static String[] getISOLanguages()
    Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639.
String getLanguage()
    Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or a lowercase ISO 639 code.
String getVariant()
    Returns the variant code for this locale.
int hashCode()
    Override hashCode.
static void setDefault(Locale newLocale)
    Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
String toString()
    Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, country and variant separated by underbars.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

ENGLISH
public static final Locale ENGLISH
Useful constant for language.

FRENCH
public static final Locale FRENCH
Useful constant for language.

GERMAN
public static final Locale GERMAN
Useful constant for language.

ITALIAN
public static final Locale ITALIAN
Useful constant for language.

JAPANESE
public static final Locale JAPANESE
Useful constant for language.

KOREAN
public static final Locale KOREAN
Useful constant for language.

CHINESE
public static final Locale CHINESE
Useful constant for language.

SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE
public static final Locale SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE
Useful constant for language.

TRADITIONAL_CHINESE
public static final Locale TRADITIONAL_CHINESE
Useful constant for language.

FRANCE
public static final Locale FRANCE
Useful constant for country.

GERMANY
public static final Locale GERMANY
Useful constant for country.

ITALY
public static final Locale ITALY
Useful constant for country.

JAPAN
public static final Locale JAPAN
Useful constant for country.

KOREA
public static final Locale KOREA
Useful constant for country.

CHINA
public static final Locale CHINA
Useful constant for country.

PRC
public static final Locale PRC
Useful constant for country.

TAIWAN
public static final Locale TAIWAN
Useful constant for country.

UK
public static final Locale UK
Useful constant for country.

US
public static final Locale US
Useful constant for country.

CANADA
public static final Locale CANADA
Useful constant for country.

CANADA_FRENCH
public static final Locale CANADA_FRENCH
Useful constant for country.

Constructor Detail

Locale
public Locale(String language,
              String country,
              String variant)
Construct a locale from language, country, variant. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.

Parameters:
language - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
country - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
variant - vendor and browser specific code. See class description.
Throws:
NullPointerException - thrown if any argument is null.

Locale
public Locale(String language,
              String country)
Construct a locale from language, country. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.

Parameters:
language - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
country - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
Throws:
NullPointerException - thrown if either argument is null.

Locale
public Locale(String language)
Construct a locale from a language code. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.

Parameters:
language - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
Throws:
NullPointerException - thrown if argument is null.
Since:

1.4

Method Detail

getDefault
public static Locale getDefault()
Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified. It can be changed using the setDefault method.

Returns:
the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine

setDefault
public static void setDefault(Locale newLocale)
Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine. This does not affect the host locale.
If there is a security manager, its checkPermission method is called with a PropertyPermission("user.language", "write") permission before the default locale is changed.
The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified.
Since changing the default locale may affect many different areas of functionality, this method should only be used if the caller is prepared to reinitialize locale-sensitive code running within the same Java Virtual Machine, such as the user interface.

Parameters:
newLocale - the new default locale
Throws:
SecurityException - if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method doesn't allow the operation.
NullPointerException - if newLocale is null
See Also:
SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission), PropertyPermission

getAvailableLocales
public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()
Returns a list of all installed locales.

getISOCountries
public static String[] getISOCountries()
Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166. Can be used to create Locales.

getISOLanguages
public static String[] getISOLanguages()
Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639. Can be used to create Locales. [NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed. The list this function returns includes both the new and the old codes for the languages whose codes have changed.]

getLanguage
public String getLanguage()
Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or a lowercase ISO 639 code.
NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed. Locale's constructor recognizes both the new and the old codes for the languages whose codes have changed, but this function always returns the old code. If you want to check for a specific language whose code has changed, don't do
 if (locale.getLanguage().equals("he")
    ...
 
Instead, do
 if (locale.getLanguage().equals(new Locale("he", "", "").getLanguage())
    ...
See Also:
getDisplayLanguage()
getCountry
public String getCountry()
Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or an upercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.

See Also:
getDisplayCountry()

getVariant
public String getVariant()
Returns the variant code for this locale.

See Also:
getDisplayVariant()

toString
public final String toString()
Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, country and variant separated by underbars. Language is always lower case, and country is always upper case. If the language is missing, the string will begin with an underbar. If both the language and country fields are missing, this function will return the empty string, even if the variant field is filled in (you can't have a locale with just a variant-- the variant must accompany a valid language or country code). Examples: "en", "de_DE", "_GB", "en_US_WIN", "de__POSIX", "fr__MAC"

Overrides:
toString in class Object

Returns:
a string representation of the object.
See Also:
getDisplayName()

getISO3Language
public String getISO3Language()
                       throws MissingResourceException
Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this will be the empty string. Otherwise, this will be a lowercase ISO 639-2/T language code. The ISO 639-2 language codes can be found on-line at ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/iso-639-2.txt

Throws:
MissingResourceException - Throws MissingResourceException if the three-letter language abbreviation is not available for this locale.

getISO3Country
public String getISO3Country()
                      throws MissingResourceException
Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this will be tbe the empty string. Otherwise, this will be an uppercase ISO 3166 3-letter country code.

Throws:
MissingResourceException - Throws MissingResourceException if the three-letter country abbreviation is not available for this locale.

getDisplayLanguage
public final String getDisplayLanguage()
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.

getDisplayLanguage
public String getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian), this function falls back on the default locale, on the English name, and finally on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.

getDisplayCountry
public final String getDisplayCountry()
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "Etats-Unis". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.

getDisplayCountry
public String getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "Etats-Unis". If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale. (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia), this function falls back on the default locale, on the English name, and finally on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.

getDisplayVariant
public final String getDisplayVariant()
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for the default locale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.

getDisplayVariant
public String getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for inLocale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.

getDisplayName
public final String getDisplayName()
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have one of the following forms:
language (country, variant)
language (country)
language (variant)
country (variant)
language
country
variant
depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country, and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.

getDisplayName
public String getDisplayName(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have one of the following forms:
language (country, variant)
language (country)
language (variant)
country (variant)
language
country
variant
depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country, and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.

clone
public Object clone()
Overrides Cloneable

Overrides:
clone in class Object

Returns:
a clone of this instance.
See Also:
Cloneable

hashCode
public int hashCode()
Override hashCode. Since Locales are often used in hashtables, caches the value for speed.

Overrides:
hashCode in class Object

Returns:
a hash code value for this object.
See Also:
Object.equals(java.lang.Object), Hashtable

equals
public boolean equals(Object obj)
Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object. A Locale is deemed equal to another Locale with identical language, country, and variant, and unequal to all other objects.

Overrides:
equals in class Object

Parameters:
obj - the reference object with which to compare.
Returns:
true if this Locale is equal to the specified object.
See Also:
Object.hashCode(), Hashtable

Field Summary
static Locale	CANADA Useful constant for country.
static Locale	CANADA_FRENCH Useful constant for country.
static Locale	CHINA Useful constant for country.
static Locale	CHINESE Useful constant for language.
static Locale	ENGLISH Useful constant for language.
static Locale	FRANCE Useful constant for country.
static Locale	FRENCH Useful constant for language.
static Locale	GERMAN Useful constant for language.
static Locale	GERMANY Useful constant for country.
static Locale	ITALIAN Useful constant for language.
static Locale	ITALY Useful constant for country.
static Locale	JAPAN Useful constant for country.
static Locale	JAPANESE Useful constant for language.
static Locale	KOREA Useful constant for country.
static Locale	KOREAN Useful constant for language.
static Locale	PRC Useful constant for country.
static Locale	SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE Useful constant for language.
static Locale	TAIWAN Useful constant for country.
static Locale	TRADITIONAL_CHINESE Useful constant for language.
static Locale	UK Useful constant for country.
static Locale	US Useful constant for country.

Method Summary
Object	clone() Overrides Cloneable
boolean	equals(Object obj) Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object.
static Locale[]	getAvailableLocales() Returns a list of all installed locales.
String	getCountry() Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or an upercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.
static Locale	getDefault() Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
String	getDisplayCountry() Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale) Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getDisplayLanguage() Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale) Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getDisplayName() Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getDisplayName(Locale inLocale) Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getDisplayVariant() Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale) Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
String	getISO3Country() Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country.
String	getISO3Language() Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language.
static String[]	getISOCountries() Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166.
static String[]	getISOLanguages() Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639.
String	getLanguage() Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or a lowercase ISO 639 code.
String	getVariant() Returns the variant code for this locale.
int	hashCode() Override hashCode.
static void	setDefault(Locale newLocale) Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
String	toString() Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, country and variant separated by underbars.

java.util Class Locale

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Field Detail

ENGLISH

FRENCH

GERMAN

ITALIAN

JAPANESE

KOREAN

CHINESE

SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

FRANCE

GERMANY

ITALY

JAPAN

KOREA

CHINA

PRC

TAIWAN

UK

US

CANADA

CANADA_FRENCH

Constructor Detail

Locale

Locale

Locale

Method Detail

getDefault

setDefault

getAvailableLocales

getISOCountries

getISOLanguages

getLanguage

getCountry

getVariant

toString

getISO3Language

getISO3Country

getDisplayLanguage

getDisplayLanguage

getDisplayCountry

getDisplayCountry

getDisplayVariant

getDisplayVariant

getDisplayName

getDisplayName

clone

hashCode

equals

java.util
Class Locale