passwd
PASSWD(1) User utilities PASSWD(1) NAME passwd - update a user's authentication tokens(s) SYNOPSIS passwd [-k] [-l] [-u [-f]] [-d] [-S] [username] DESCRIPTION Passwd is used to update a user's authentication token(s). Passwd is configured to work through the Linux-PAM API. Essentially, it initializes itself as a "passwd" service with Linux-PAM and utilizes configured password modules to authenticate and then update a user's password. A simple entry in the Linux-PAM configuration file for this service would be: # # passwd service entry that does strength checking of # a proposed password before updating it. # passwd password requisite \ /usr/lib/security/pam_cracklib.so retry=3 passwd password required \ /usr/lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_authtok # Note, other module-types are not required for this appli cation to function correctly. OPTIONS -k The option, -k, is used to indicate that the update should only be for expired authentication tokens (passwords); the user wishes to keep their non- expired tokens as before. -l This option is used to lock the specified account and it is available to root only. The locking is performed by rendering the encrypted password into an invalid string (by prefixing the encrypted string with an !). --stdin This option is used to indicate that passwd should read the new password from standard input, which can be a pipe. -u This is the reverse of the previous - it will unlock the account password by removing the ! pre fix. This option is available to root only. By default passwd will refuse to create a passwordless account (it will not unlock an account that has only "!" as a password). The force option -f will override this protection. -d This is a quick way to disable a password for an account. It will set the named account password less. Available to root only. -S This will output a short information about the sta tus of the password for a given account. Available to root user only. Remember the following two principles Protect your password. Don't write down your password - memorize it. In particular, don't write it down and leave it any where, and don't place it in an unencrypted file! Use unrelated passwords for systems controlled by different organizations. Don't give or share your password, in particular to someone claiming to be from computer support or a vendor. Don't let any one watch you enter your password. Don't enter your password to a computer you don't trust or if things Use the password for a limited time and change it periodically. Choose a hard-to-guess password. passwd will try to prevent you from choosing a really bad password, but it isn't foolproof; create your password wisely. Don't use something you'd find in a dictionary (in any language or jargon). Don't use a name (including that of a spouse, par ent, child, pet, fantasy character, famous person, and location) or any variation of your personal or account name. Don't use accessible information about you (such as your phone number, license plate, or social security number) or your environ ment. Don't use a birthday or a simple pattern (such as backwards, followed by a digit, or pre ceded by a digit. Instead, use a mixture of upper and lower case letters, as well as digits or punc tuation. When choosing a new password, make sure it's unrelated to any previous password. Use long passwords (say 8 characters long). You might use a word pair with punctuation inserted, a passphrase (an understandable sequence of words), or the first letter of each word in a passphrase. These principles are partially enforced by the system, but only partly so. Vigilence on your part will make the sys tem much more secure. EXIT CODE On successful completion of its task, passwd will complete with exit code 0. An exit code of 1 indicates an error occurred. Textual errors are written to the standard error stream. CONFORMING TO Linux-PAM (Pluggable Authentication modules for Linux). Note, if your distribution of Linux-PAM conforms to the Linux Filesystem Standard, you may find the modules in /lib/security/ instead of /usr/lib/security/, as indicated in the example. FILES /etc/pam.d/passwd - the Linux-PAM configuration file BUGS None known. SEE ALSO pam(8), and pam_chauthok(2). For more complete information on how to configure this application with Linux-PAM, see the Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide at <http://parc.power.net/morgan/Linux-PAM/index.html> AUTHOR Cristian Gafton <gafton@redhat.com> PAM + PWDB applications Jan 03 1998 PASSWD(1)