Operating Systems: AIX, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, Windows
Lightweight Third Party Authentication
Lightweight Third Party Authentication (LTPA) is intended for distributed, multiple application server and machine environments. LTPA supports forwardable credentials and single sign-on (SSO). LTPA can support security in a distributed environment through cryptography. This support permits LTPA to encrypt, digitally sign, and securely transmit authentication-related data, and later decrypt and verify the signature.
Application servers can securely communicate using the LTPA protocol. It also provides the single sign-on (SSO) feature wherein a user is required to authenticate only once in a domain name system (DNS) domain and can access resources in other WebSphere Application Server cells without getting prompted. The realm names on each system in the DNS domain are case sensitive and must match identically.
For local OS, the realm name is the same as the host name.
For local OS, the realm name is the domain name, if a domain is in use or the realm name is the machine name.
For the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), the realm name is the host:port value of the LDAP server.
The LTPA protocol uses cryptographic keys to encrypt and decrypt user data that passes between the servers. These keys must be shared between the different cells for the resources in one cell to access resources in other cells, assuming that all the cells involved use the same LDAP or custom registry.
When using LTPA, a token is created with the user information and an expiration time and is signed by the keys. The LTPA token is time sensitive. All product servers that participate in a protection domain must have their time, date, and time zone synchronized. If not, LTPA tokens appear prematurely expired and cause authentication or validation failures.
This token passes to other servers, in the same cell or in a different cell through cookies, for Web resources when SSO is enabled, or through the authentication protocol layer for enterprise beans.
If the receiving servers share the same keys as the originating server, the token can be decrypted to obtain the user information, which then is validated to make sure that it has not expired and that the user information in the token is valid in its registry. On successful validation, the resources in the receiving servers are accessible after the authorization check.
Each server must have valid credentials. When the credentials expire, the server is required to communicate to the user registry to authenticate. User registry outages can cause server processes to hang, requiring them to be restarted to recover. Extending the time the LTPA token remains cached reduces this risk, but does present a slightly increased security risk to be considered when defining your security policies.
All of the WebSphere Application Server processes in a cell (deployment manager, nodes, application servers) share the same set of keys. If key sharing is required between different cells, export them from one cell and import them to the other. For security purposes, the exported keys are encrypted with a user-defined password. This same password is needed when importing the keys into another cell.
WebSphere Application Server supports the LTPA and the Simple WebSphere Authentication Mechanism (SWAM) protocols.
SWAM is deprecated in WebSphere Application Server Version 6.1 and will be removed in a future release.
When security is enabled during profile creation time, LTPA is configured by default.
LTPA requires that the configured user registry be a centrally shared repository such as LDAP or a Windows domain-type registry so that users and groups are the same, regardless of the machine.
The following table summarizes the authentication mechanism capabilities and user registries with which LTPA can work.
Forwardable credentials SSO Local OS user registry LDAP user registry Custom user registry SWAM No No Yes Yes Yes LTPA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Subtopics
Lightweight Third Party Authentication key sets and key set groups
Related concepts
Identity assertion to the downstream server
Related tasks
Configuring the Lightweight Third Party Authentication mechanism
Related reference
Authentication mechanisms and expiration
Standalone LDAP registry settings
Advanced Lightweight Directory Access Protocol user registry settings
Security: Resources for learning
Simple WebSphere authentication mechanism
Concept topic