ls

 

---

 LS(1)                          FSF                          LS(1)
 
 
 
NAME
        ls - list directory contents
 
SYNOPSIS
        ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
 
DESCRIPTION
        List information about the FILEs (the current directory by
        default).  Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX
        nor --sort.
 
        -a, --all
               do not hide entries starting with .
 
        -A, --almost-all
               do not list implied . and ..
 
        -b, --escape
               print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
 
        --block-size=SIZE
               use SIZE-byte blocks
 
        -B, --ignore-backups
               do not list implied entries ending with ~
 
        -c     with  -lt:  sort  by, and show, ctime (time of last
               modification of file status information)  with  -l:
               show  ctime  and  sort  by  name otherwise: sort by
               ctime
 
        -C     list entries by columns
 
        --color[=WHEN]
               control whether color is used to  distinguish  file
               types.  WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'
 
        -d, --directory
               list directory entries instead of contents
 
        -D, --dired
               generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
 
        -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst
 
        -F, --classify
               append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
 
        --format=WORD
               across  -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, sin­
               gle-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
 
        --full-time
               list both full date and full time
 
        -g     (ignored)
 
        -G, --no-group
               inhibit display of group information
 
        -h, --human-readable
               print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M
               2G)
 
        --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
 
        -H     same  as  `--si' for now; soon to change to conform
               to POSIX
 
        --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to
        entry names:
               none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)
 
        -i, --inode
               print index number of each file
 
        -I, --ignore=PATTERN
               do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
 
        -k, --kilobytes
               like --block-size=1024
 
        -l     use a long listing format
 
        -L, --dereference
               list entries pointed to by symbolic links
 
        -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries
 
        -n, --numeric-uid-gid
               list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
 
        -N, --literal
               print raw entry names  (don't  treat  e.g.  control
               characters specially)
 
        -o     use long listing format without group info
 
        -p, --file-type
               append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
 
        -q, --hide-control-chars
               print ? instead of non graphic characters
 
        --show-control-chars
               show  non  graphic characters as-is (default unless
               program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
 
        -Q, --quote-name
               enclose entry names in double quotes
 
        --quoting-style=WORD
               use quoting style WORD for  entry  names:  literal,
               locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
 
        -r, --reverse
               reverse order while sorting
 
        -R, --recursive
               list subdirectories recursively
 
        -s, --size
               print size of each file, in blocks
 
        -S     sort by file size
 
        --sort=WORD
               extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v
 
               status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u
 
        --time=WORD
               show time as WORD  instead  of  modification  time:
               atime,  access, use, ctime or status; use specified
               time as sort key if --sort=time
 
        -t     sort by modification time
 
        -T, --tabsize=COLS
               assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
 
        -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time  with  -l:
               show  access  time and sort by name otherwise: sort
               by access time
 
        -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order
 
        -v     sort by version
 
        -w, --width=COLS
               assume screen width instead of current value
 
        -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns
 
        -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension
 
        -1     list one file per line
 
        --help display this help and exit
 
        --version
               output version information and exit
 
        By default, color is not  used  to  distinguish  types  of
        files.   That  is equivalent to using --color=none.  Using
        the --color option without the optional WHEN  argument  is
        equivalent  to  using  --color=always.  With --color=auto,
        color codes are output only if  standard  output  is  con­
        nected to a terminal (tty).
 
AUTHOR
        Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.
 
 REPORTING BUGS
        Report bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>.
 
 COPYRIGHT
        Copyright © 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
        This  is  free software; see the source for copying condi­
        tions.  There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY
        or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
SEE ALSO
        The  full  documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo
        manual.   If  the  info  and  ls  programs  are   properly
        installed at your site, the command
 
               info ls
 
        should give you access to the complete manual.
 
 
 
 ls (fileutils) 4.1         August 2001                      LS(1)

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