Implications of high availability group policy settings
All of the settings specified for a policy affect how the high availability manager governs a high availability group associated with that policy. Some of the policy settings are policy type specific, while others apply to all policy types. It is important to understand the implications for all of the associated high availability groups before changing the settings of an existing policy.
Implications of the Policy type setting
The policy type determines which members of a high availability group are automatically made active when the servers containing these members start. We can not directly change the policy type of an existing high availability group policy. To change the policy type, create a new policy with a different policy type and give it a match criteria that makes the high availability manager select a new policy instead of the original one to associate with the high availability group.
Before creating a new policy with a different policy type, we must determine which components are using the high availability groups governed by the original policy and make sure that those components support the new policy type. For example, the service integration bus (SIB) component might require a One of N policy for its high availability group, because it only wants one group member active at a given time. If we change the policy associated with the service integration bus high availability group to be an All Active policy, the service integration bus high availability support might not function properly and data corruption can occur.
We can select one of the following policy types when we create a new policy:
- All active policy
- When this policy is selected, all of the members of the high availability group are made active.
- M of N policy
- When this policy is selected for a high availability group with N members, M of them are made active. The number that M represents is configurable in the policy settings. Use the Preferred servers setting to designate the preference order in which members of the high availability group are made active.
- No operation policy
- When this policy is selected, none of the high availability group members are made active. Use the administrative console to manually activate specific group members.
- One of N policy
- When this policy is selected for a high availability group with N members, only one member of the group is made active. Use the Preferred servers setting to designate the preference order in which members of the high availability group are made active.
- Static policy
- When this policy is selected, only the members specified in the Static group servers setting are made active.
Only the Static, One of N, and No operation policies apply for service integration and messaging engines. See the information about policies for service integration.
Implications of the Preferred servers setting
With the One of N and M of N policy types, we can set up a list of preferred servers as part of the policy settings. The preferred server list enables an administrator to indicate a preference as to which high availability group member is made active. If no preferred server list is specified, any of the available high availability group members can be selected as the member to activate. If a preferred server list is specified, then the member to activate is selected from this list, in order of preference. The most preferred server is the first one on the list. The following example demonstrates how a policy uses of the preferred server list.
For example, a high availability group has three members located on application servers named ServerA, ServerB, and ServerC. This group is governed by a One of N policy, under which only one of the three members can be active at a given time. When all three members are running and available at the time that the policy is enforced:
- If no preferred servers are specified, the high availability manager randomly selects one of the three members and makes it active.
- If ServerB is the only server on the preferred servers list, the high availability manager makes the member located on this server active before either of the other two members, provided the member located on this server is available when the policy is enforced.
- If all three of the application servers are listed on the preferred servers list in the following order, and if all other things are equal, the high availability manager makes the member located on ServerC active:
- ServerC
- ServerA
- ServerB
The two other policy settings that directly affect how the preferred server list is used are the Failback and Preferred servers only settings.
Implications of the Failback setting
The Failback setting specifies what happens to the high availability group member on the most preferred server when it is restarted following a failure. The affect of the Failback setting on a member is best demonstrated with two examples.
During startup, a high availability group has three members located on application servers named ServerA, ServerB, and ServerC. This group is governed by a One of N policy, under which only one of the three members can be active at a given time. The server named ServerB is the only server on the preferred server list. In this example, none of the servers are started.
When ServerA starts, the One of N policy dictates that the high availability manager makes a member active. Because this application server is the only server running, the member on ServerA is activated. When we start ServerB, which is the only server on the preferred server list, one of two things happens:
- If Failback is enabled when ServerB starts, the high availability manager deactivates the currently active member and activates the member on ServerB, because ServerB is on the preferred server list.
- If Failback is disabled when ServerB starts, the currently active member remains the active member.
Following a failure, a high availability group has three members located on application servers named ServerA, ServerB, and ServerC. This group is governed by a One of N policy, under which only one of the three members can be active at a given time. ServerB is the only server on the preferred server list and is the only member that is currently active. If ServerB fails, the high availability manager activates one of the remaining members to replace that member. The Failback setting determines what happens after ServerB is repaired and restarted.
- If Failback is enabled when ServerB restarts, the currently active member is deactivated, and the member on ServerB is activated, because ServerB is still the most preferred server
- If Failback disabled when ServerB restarts, the currently active member remains the active member.
Implications of the Preferred servers only setting
The Preferred Servers Only setting activates members on preferred servers only. With this setting enabled, only members running on the servers specified in the preferred servers list are activated. If no preferred servers are specified, or no preferred servers are currently available, then no members are activated.
During startup, a high availability group has three members located on application servers named ServerA, ServerB, and ServerC. This group is governed by a One of N policy, under which only one of the three members can be active at a given time. ServerB the only server on the preferred server list. In this example, none of the servers are started.
When ServerA starts, the One of N policy dictates that the high availability manager activates a member. Because ServerA is the only server running, the member on ServerA is activated. Because it is the only server on the preferred server list, when ServerB starts, one of two things happens:
- If Preferred servers only is enabled when ServerA or ServerC starts, no member is activated because the high availability manager can only activate a member located on a server on the preferred servers list. When ServerB starts, the high availability manager activates the member on ServerB because ServerB is on the preferred servers list.
- If Preferred servers only is disabled when ServerA starts, the member on ServerA is activated because any member of the group can be the active member. When ServerB or ServerC starts, no activation occurs because the member on ServerA is already active.
Following failure, a high availability group has three members located on application servers named ServerA, ServerB, and ServerC. This group is governed by a One of N policy, under which only one of the three members can be active at a given time. ServerB the only server on the preferred server list. The member located on ServerB is the active member. If ServerB fails, one of two things happens:
- If Preferred servers only is enabled when ServerB fails, the high availability manager can only activate another members located on a server that is included on the preferred servers list. Because ServerB is the only server on the preferred servers list, no other member is activated.
- If Preferred servers only is disabled when ServerB fails, the high availability manager activates one of the remaining members to replace the member on ServerB.
Implications of the Static group servers setting
We can specify a list of static group servers as part of the configuration settings for a static policy type. When a high availability group is governed by a static policy type, the static group server list defines which group members are activated if it is possible to do so.
Implications of the Is alive timer setting
The Is alive timer setting controls how frequently the high availability manager checks the health of the active group members governed by a given policy. The high availability manager can detect two fundamentally different kinds of failures:
- It can detect when an entire process stops functioning or terminates. This type of failure detection does not depend on the value that is specified for the Is alive timer setting.
- It can detect when a program fails. This type of failure detection does depend on the value specified for the Is alive timer setting. The value specified for the Is alive time setting determines the amount of time that might pass before a processing problem that does not cause the entire process to stop functioning or terminate is detected.
The administrator has the ability to specify the Is alive timer at the policy level, where it applies to all the members governed by this policy, at the process level where it applies to all members running in a particular process. The administrator can also disable this type of failure detection at either of these levels.
Implications of the Quorum setting
Quorum is a mechanism we can use to protect resources that, in the event of a failure, are shared across members of a high availability group.
When enabled, the policy does not activate any group members until quorum is achieved. A high availability group does not achieve quorum until a majority of the members are running. For example, if there are n members in a group, (n/2) + 1 servers must be online to achieve quorum.
Quorum is an advanced function that is designed to work with clusters, specialized component code, and a hardware control facility. Currently, none of the high availability groups supporting product components use the quorum mechanism. Therefore, do not enabled the Quorum setting.
Related:
High availability group policy selection process Policies for service integration