ssl.client.props client configuration file
Use the ssl.client.props file to configure SSL for clients. In previous releases of WAS, SSL properties were specified in sas.client.props or soap.client.props, or as system properties. We can configure ssl.client.props with multiple SSL configurations.
Set up the SSL configuration for clients
Client runtimes are dependent on the WAS ssl.client.props configurations.
Use setupCmdLine.bat on the command line to specify the property...
com.ibm.SSL.ConfigURL
...which references a file URL that points to the ssl.client.props file. We can reference the CLIENTSSL variable on the command line of any script that uses setupCmdLine.bat.
The SSL configuration is available to all protocols that use SSL. SSL configurations, which are referenced in the ssl.client.props file, also have aliases that we can reference. In the following sample code from the sas.client.props file, all of the SSL properties are replaced with a property that points to an SSL configuration in the ssl.client.props file:
com.ibm.ssl.alias=DefaultSSLSettings
The following sample code shows a property in the soap.client.props file that is similar to the com.ibm.SSL.ConfigURL property. This property references a different SSL configuration on the client side:
com.ibm.ssl.alias=DefaultSSLSettings
In the ssl.client.props file, we can change the administrative SSL configuration to avoid modifying soap.client.props.
Support for SSL properties is still specified in sas.client.props and soap.client.props. However, consider moving the SSL configurations to ssl.client.props, because this file is the new configuration model for client SSL.
When you are configuring a client which does not call setupCmdLine.sh to connect to an application server using security, you must ensure that the following system property is defined on the client configuration:
-Djava.security.properties=profile_root/properties/java.security
Properties of the ssl.client.props file
If javax.net.ssl system properties are specified, these will override the settings ssl.client.props.
Global properties
Global SSL properties are process-specific properties that include FIPS enablement, the default SSL alias, the user.root property for specifying the root location of the key and truststore paths, and so on.
Property Default Description com.ibm.ssl.defaultAlias DefaultSSLSettings Default alias used whenever an alias is not specified by the protocol that calls the JSSEHelper API to retrieve an SSL configuration. This property is the final arbiter on the client side for determining which SSL configuration to use. com.ibm.ssl.validationEnabled false When set to true, this property validates each SSL configuration as it is loaded. Use this property for debug purposes only, to avoid unnecessary performance overhead during production. com.ibm.ssl.performURLHostNameVerification false When set to true, this property enforces URL host name verification. When HTTP URL connections are made to target servers, the common name (CN) from the server certificate must match the target host name. Without a match, the host name verifier rejects the connection. The default value of false omits this check. As a global property, it sets the default host name verifier. Any javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection object can choose to enable host name verification for that specific instance by calling the setHostnameVerifier method with its own HostnameVerifier instance. Avoid trouble: This property does not apply to SSL channels.gotcha
com.ibm.security.useFIPS false When set to true, FIPS-compliant algorithms are used for SSL and other Java Cryptography Extension (JCE)-specific applications. This property is typically not enabled unless the property is required by the operating environment. com.ibm.websphere.security.FIPSLevel false Level of the security standard to use. Valid values include 140-2, SP800-131 and transition. The com.ibm.security.useFIPS property must be set to true to enable suite B. The property must be entered in the ssl.client.props file in the global properties section, preferably after com.ibm.security.useFIPS. com.ibm.websphere.security.suiteB false Level of Suite B security standard to enable. Valid values include 128 and 192. To enable the com.ibm.security.useFIPS property. it must be set to true. The property must be entered in the ssl.client.props file in the global properties section, preferably after com.ibm.security.useFIPS. user.root ${WASROOT} Used by key and truststore location properties as a single property for specifying the root path to the key and truststores. ${WASROOT} is the root directory of the current profile. Typically, this property is the profile root. However, we can modify this property to any root directory on the local machine that has the proper read and potentially write authority to that directory.
Certificate creation properties
Use certificate creation properties to specify the default self-signed certificate values for the major attributes of a certificate. We can define the distinguished name (DN), expiration date, key size, and alias stored in the keystore.
Property Default Description com.ibm.ssl.defaultCertReqAlias default_alias Default alias to use to reference the self-signed certificate created in the keystore. If the alias already exists with that name, the default alias is appended with _#, where the number sign (#) is an integer that starts with 1 and increments until it finds a unique alias. com.ibm.ssl.defaultCertReqSubjectDN cn=${hostname}, o=IBM,c=US Uses the property distinguished name (DN) set for the certificate when it is created. The ${hostname} variable is expanded to the host name on which it resides. We can use correctly formed DNs as specified by the X.509 certificate. com.ibm.ssl.defaultCertReqDays 365 Validity period for the certificate and can be as small as 1 day and as large as the maximum number of days that a certificate can be set, which is approximately 15 years. com.ibm.ssl.defaultCertReqKeySize 1024 Default key size. The valid values depend upon the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) security policy files that are installed. By default, the product JVMs ship with the export policy file that limits the key size to 1024. To get a large key size such as 2048, we can download the restricted policy files from the website.
Certificate revocation checking
To enable certificate revocation checking, we can set a combination of Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) properties. These properties are not used unless set the com.ibm.ssl.trustManager property to IbmPKIX. In addition, to successfully process revocation checking on the client, you must turn off the signer exchange prompt. To turn off the signer exchange prompt, change the com.ibm.ssl.enableSignerExchangePrompt property to false. For more information, see the related link to the "Enable certificate revocation checking with the default IbmPKIX trust manager" topic.
SSL configuration properties
Use the SSL configuration properties section to set multiple SSL configurations. For a new SSL configuration specification, set the com.ibm.ssl.alias property because the parser starts a new SSL configuration with this alias name. The SSL configuration is referenced using the alias property from another file, such as sas.client.props or soap.client.props, through the default alias property. The properties specified in the following table enable you to create a javax.net.ssl.SSLContext, among other SSL objects.
Property Default Description com.ibm.ssl.alias DefaultSSLSettings Name of this SSL configuration. Must be the first property for an SSL configuration because it references the SSL configuration. If we change the name of this property after it is referenced elsewhere in the configuration, the runtime defaults to the com.ibm.ssl.defaultAlias property whenever the reference is not found. The error trust file is null or key file is null might display when you start an application using an SSL reference that is no longer valid. com.ibm.ssl.protocol SSL_TLS SSL handshake protocol used for this SSL configuration. This property attempts Transport Layer Security (TLS) first, but accepts any remote handshake protocol, including SSLv3 and TLSv1. Valid values for this property include SSL_TLS, SSL, SSLv2 (client side only), SSLv3, TLS, TLSv1, SSL_TLSv2, TLSv1.1, and TLSv1.2. com.ibm.ssl.securityLevel STRONG Specifies the cipher group used for the SSL handshake. The typical selection is STRONG, which specifies 128-bit or higher ciphers. The MEDIUM selection provides 40-bit ciphers. The WEAK selection provides ciphers that do not perform encryption, but do perform signing for data integrity. If we specify our own cipher list selection, uncomment the property com.ibm.ssl.enabledCipherSuites. The use of javax.net.ssl system properties causes this value to always be HIGH.
com.ibm.ssl.trustManager IbmX509 Default trust manager that use to validate the certificate sent by the target server. This trust manager does not perform certificate revocation list (CRL) checking. We can choose to change this value to IbmPKIX for CRL checking using CRL distribution lists in the certificate, which is a standard way to perform CRL checking. When to perform custom CRL checking, you must implement a custom trust manager and specify the trust manager in the com.ibm.ssl.customTrustManagers property. The IbmPKIX option might affect performance because this option requires IBMCertPath for trust validation. Use IbmX509 unless CRL checking is necessary. For the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) properties, set this property value to IbmPKIX. com.ibm.ssl.keyManager IbmX509 Default key manager to use for choosing the client alias from the specified keystore. This key manager uses the com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreClientAlias property to specify the keystore alias. If this property is not specified, the choice is delegated to Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE). JSSE typically chooses the first alias that it finds. com.ibm.ssl.contextProvider IBMJSSE2 Choose the JSSE provider for the SSL context creation. IBM recommends that you default to IBMJSSE2 when you use a JVM. The client plug-in can use the SunJSSE provider when using a Sun JVM. com.ibm.ssl.enableSignerExchangePrompt true This property determines whether to display the signer exchange prompt when a signer is not present in the client truststore. The prompt displays information about the remote certificate so that WAS can decide whether or not to trust the signer. It is very important to validate the certificate signature. This signature is the only reliable information that can guarantee that the certificate has not been modified from the original server certificate. For automated scenarios, disable this property to avoid SSL handshake exceptions. Run the retrieveSigners script, which sets up the SSL signer exchange, to download the signers from the server prior to running the client. For the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) properties, set this property value to false. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreClientAlias default This property is used to reference an alias from the specified keystore when the target does not request client authentication. When WAS creates a self-signed certificate for the SSL configuration, this property determines the alias and overrides the global com.ibm.ssl.defaultCertReqAlias property. com.ibm.ssl.customTrustManagers Commented out by default Specify one or more custom trust managers, which are separated by commas. These trust managers can be in the form of algorithm|provider or classname. For example, IbmX509|IBMJSSE2 is in the algorithm|provider format, and the com.acme.myCustomTrustManager interface is in the classname format. The class must implement the javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager interface. Optionally, the class can implement the com.ibm.wsspi.ssl.TrustManagerExtendedInfo interface. These trust managers run in addition to the default trust manager specified by the com.ibm.ssl.trustManager interface. These trust managers do not replace the default trust manager. com.ibm.ssl.customKeyManager Commented out by default Enables you to have one, and only one, custom key manager. The key manager replaces the default key manager specified in the com.ibm.ssl.keyManager property. The form of the key manager is algorithm|provider or classname. See the format examples for the com.ibm.ssl.customTrustManagers property. The class must implement the javax.net.ssl.X509KeyManager interface. Optionally, the class can implement the com.ibm.wsspi.ssl.KeyManagerExtendedInfo interface. This key manager is responsible for alias selection. com.ibm.ssl.dynamicSelectionInfo Commented out by default Enable dynamic association with the SSL configuration. The syntax for a dynamic association is outbound_protocol, target_host, or target_port. For multiple specifications, use the vertical bar ( | ) as the delimiter. We can replace any of these values with an asterisk (*) to indicate a wildcard value. Valid outbound_protocol values include: IIOP, HTTP, LDAP, SIP, BUS_CLIENT, BUS_TO_WEBSPHERE_MQ, BUS_TO_BUS, and ADMIN_SOAP. When we want the dynamic selection criteria to choose the SSL configuration, uncomment the default property, and add the connection information. For example, add the following on one line com.ibm.ssl.dynamicSelectionInfo=HTTP, .ibm.com,443|HTTP,.ibm.com,9443
com.ibm.ssl.enabledCipherSuites Commented out by default Specify a custom cipher suite list and override the group selection in the com.ibm.ssl.securityLevel property. The valid list of ciphers varies according to the provider and JVM policy files that are applied. For cipher suites, use a space as the delimiter. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreName ClientDefaultKeyStore Reference a keystore configuration name. If we have not already defined the keystore, the rest of the keystore properties must follow this property. After you define the keystore, we can specify this property to reference the previously specified keystore configuration. New keystore configurations in the ssl.client.props file have a unique name. com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreName ClientDefaultTrustStore This property references a truststore configuration name. If we have not already defined the truststore, the rest of the truststore properties must follow this property. After you define the truststore, we can specify this property to reference the previously specified truststore configuration. New truststore configurations in the ssl.client.props file should have a unique name.
Security Selection panel
- If we indicate the Use a z/OS security product option, which is the first option, the default values for the keystore and truststore configuration properties point to a keystore with a JCERACFKS type. This type uses keys and certificates stored and managed by a z/OS security product such as RACF . For more information, see the "z/OS keystores" section in the "Keystore configurations" topic.
- If we indicate the Use WAS security option, which is the second option, or the Do not enable security option, which is the third option, the default values for the keystore and truststore configuration properties point to a keystore with a PKCS12 file. For more information on file-based keystores, see the "IBMJCE file-based keystores (JCEKS, JKS, and PKCS12)" section in the "Keystore configurations" topic.
Keystore configurations
SSL configurations reference keystore configurations whose purpose is to identify the location of certificates. Certificates represent the identity of clients that use the SSL configuration. We can specify keystore configurations with other SSL configuration properties. However, IBM recommends specified the keystore configurations in this section of the ssl.client.props file after the com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreName property identifies the start of a new keystore configuration. After you fully define the keystore configuration, the com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreName property can reference the keystore configuration at any other point in the file.
Property Default Description com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreName ClientDefaultKeyStore Name of the keystore as it is referenced by the runtime. Other SSL configurations can reference this name further down in the ssl.client.props file to avoid duplication. com.ibm.ssl.keyStore ${user.root}/etc/key.p12 Location of the keystore in the required format of the com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreType property. Typically, this property references a keystore file name. However, for cryptographic token types, this property references a Dynamic Link Library (DLL) file. Avoid trouble: For a 4764 cryptography card, then the keystore file name for the client configuration should be specified as the file 4764.cfg in a directory structure of the choice, and the corresponding com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreType should be set to PKCS11. The 4764.cfg file is NOT supplied with WebSphere Application Server.gotcha
com.ibm.ssl.keyStorePassword WebAS Default password, which is the cell name for the profile when it is created. The password is typically encoded using an {xor} algorithm. We can use iKeyman to change the password in the keystore, then change this reference. If we do not know the password and if the certificate is created for you, change the password in this property, then delete the keystore from the location where it resides. Restart the client to recreate the keystore using the new password, but only if the keystore name ends with DefaultKeyStore and if the fileBased property is true. Delete both the keystore and truststore at the same time so that a proper signer exchange can occur when both are recreated together. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreType PKCS12 Keystore type. Use the default, PKCS12, because of its interoperability with other applications. We can specify this property as any valid keystore type that is supported by the JVM on the provider list. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreProvider IBMJCE The IBM Java Cryptography Extension property is the keystore provider for the keystore type. The provider is typically IBMJCE or IBMPKCS11Impl for cryptographic devices. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreFileBased true Indicates to run time that the keystore is file-based, meaning it is located on the file system. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreReadOnly false Indicates to run time for WebSphere Application Server whether the key store can be modified during the run time.
Truststore Configurations
SSL configurations reference truststore configurations, whose purpose is to contain the signer certificates for servers that are trusted by this client. We can specify these properties with other SSL configuration properties. However, IBM recommends specified truststore configurations in this section of the ssl.client.props file after the com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreName property has identified the start of a new truststore configuration. After you fully define the truststore configuration, the com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreName property can reference the configuration at any other point in the file.
A truststore is a keystore that JSSE uses for trust evaluation. A truststore contains the signers that WebSphere Application Server requires before it can trust the remote connection during the handshake. If we configure the com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreName=ClientDefaultKeyStore property, we can reference the keystore as the truststore. Further configuration is not required for the truststore because all of the signers that are generated through signer exchanges are imported into the keystore where they are called by the runtime.
Related concepts
Keystore configurations for SSLCreate a Secure Sockets Layer configuration Associate a Secure Sockets Layer configuration dynamically with an outbound protocol and remote secure endpoint Example: Enable certificate revocation checking with the default IbmPKIX trust manager