Open Source Frameworks
Overview
Open Source Frameworks are codified procedures and code for developing web services using open source technologies. Frameworks can be large like the J2EE framework, which provides solutions for a wide variety of server-side Java specifics such as transaction management, resource pooling, and the way Web clients interact with server-side business logic.
Frameworks can also be more modest and targeted at a specific problem, such as JUnit for creating unit tests, or Jakarta Struts for implementing the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern for Webapps.
Vertical frameworks generally apply to a particular industry and embody the knowledge of domain experts. Horizontal frameworks generally simplify complex programming tasks by providing expertly written code and by implementing robust design patterns.